Internet DRAFT - draft-gordon-ufdl-spec
draft-gordon-ufdl-spec
INTERNET DRAFT
David Manning, Richard Bennett, John Boyer,
Sonja McLellan, Michael Mansell
August 1998
Expires: February 04, 1999
Universal Forms Description Language Specification
Version 4.0.1
<draft-gordon-ufdl-spec-02.txt>
Status of this Memo
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Abstract
The Universal Forms Description Language (UFDL) describes complex
business forms for use over the Internet. The objective of the UFDL
is to enable the creation of cross-platform Internet business forms
that (1) contain both the complex logic and precise layout that
administrators require, (2) are simple to maintain and distribute,
and (3) integrate easily with existing business systems. As more
and more business is done over the Internet, the need for a form
description language that incorporates these features grows. HTML
is designed for Internet pages, and is severely limited as a form
language. This document specifies the vocabulary, syntax, and
meaning of the UFDL.
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to the UFDL
1.2 UFDL Documentation
1.2a How This Document is Organized
1.2b Other UFDL Documentation
1.3 Requirement Levels for UFDL Elements
1.4 Implied Semantics for UFDL Viewers
1.5 Security Considerations
1.6 Responding to Errors in the Form Description
Universal Forms Description Language [page 1]
2. INTRODUCTION TO THE UNIVERSAL FORMS DESCRIPTION LANGUAGE
2.1 What is UFDL?
2.2 Features of UFDL Forms
2.3 Description of a UFDL Form
2.3a What is a Page?
2.3b What is an Item?
2.3c What is an Option?
2.3d Including External Files
2.3e Unrecognized Items and Options
2.4 Syntax of UFDL
2.4a Basic Syntax Rules
2.4b Form Definition
2.4c Page Definition
2.4d Item Definition
2.4e Item Size
2.4f Item Placement
2.4g Toolbar Definition
2.4h Option Definition
2.4i Literals
2.4j References to Other Options
2.4k Relative Page Tags and Item Tags
2.4l Operations
2.4m User Events and Changes of State
2.4n Arrays
2.4o Defining Tabbing and Paging
2.4p Including External Files
2.5 UFDL Language Elements
2.5a Identifiers
2.5b Custom Item Types and Custom Option Names
2.5c Reserved Words
2.5d Quoted Strings
2.5e Binary Data
2.5f Comments
2.6 Security
2.7 Filters
2.8 Processing Forms
2.8a Include Statements
2.8b Expressions
3. UFDL GLOBAL AND PAGE SETTINGS
3.1 Global Settings
3.2 Page Settings
4. UFDL FORM ITEMS
4.1 action
4.2 box
4.3 button
4.4 cell
4.5 check
4.6 combobox
4.7 data
4.8 field
4.9 help
4.10 label
4.11 line
Universal Forms Description Language [page 2]
4.12 list
4.13 popup
4.14 radio
4.15 signature
4.16 spacer
4.17 tablet
4.18 toolbar
4.19 <custom item>
5. UFDL FORM OPTIONS
5.1 activated
5.2 active
5.3 bgcolor
5.4 bordercolor
5.5 borderwidth
5.6 coordinates
5.7 data
5.8 datagroup
5.9 delay
5.10 editstate
5.11 filename
5.12 focused
5.13 fontcolor
5.14 fontinfo
5.15 format
5.16 group
5.17 help
5.18 image
5.19 itemlocation
5.20 justify
5.21 label
5.22 labelbgcolor
5.23 labelbordercolor
5.24 labelborderwidth
5.25 labelfontcolor
5.26 labelfontinfo
5.27 mimedata
5.28 mimetype
5.29 mouseover
5.30 next
5.31 previous
5.32 printsettings
5.33 saveformat
5.34 scrollhoriz
5.35 scrollvert
5.36 signature
5.37 signdatagroups
5.38 signer
5.39 signformat
5.40 signgroups
5.41 signitemrefs
5.42 signitems
5.43 signoptionrefs
5.44 signoptions
5.45 size
Universal Forms Description Language [page 3]
5.46 thickness
5.47 transmitdatagroups
5.48 transmitformat
5.49 transmitgroups
5.50 transmititemrefs
5.51 transmititems
5.52 transmitoptionrefs
5.53 transmitoptions
5.54 triggeritem
5.55 type
5.56 url
5.57 value
5.58 version
5.59 <custom option>
6. UFDL FORM VIEWER DIRECTIVE
6.1 #include
6.2 #optinclude
7. UFDL FUNCTIONS
7.1 String Functions
7.1a countLines
7.1b replace
7.1c strlen
7.1d strmatch
7.1e strpbrk
7.1f strrstr
7.1g strstr
7.1h substr
7.1i tolower
7.1j toupper
7.1k trim
7.1l URLDecode
7.1m URLEncode
7.2 Math Functions
7.2a abs
7.2b acos
7.2c annuity
7.2d asin
7.2e atan
7.2f ceiling
7.2g compound
7.2h cos
7.2i deg2rad
7.2j exp
7.2k fact
7.2l floor
7.2m ln
7.2n log
7.2o mod
7.2p pi
7.2q power
7.2r rad2deg
7.2s rand
7.2t round
Universal Forms Description Language [page 4]
7.2u sin
7.2v sqrt
7.2w tan
7.3 Utility Functions
7.3a applicationName
7.3b applicationVersion
7.3c applicationVersionNum
7.3d decimal
7.3e formatString
7.3f isValidFormat
7.3g set
7.3h toggle
7.4 Time and Date Functions
7.4a date
7.4b dateToSeconds
7.4c day
7.4d dayOfWeek
7.4e endOfMonth
7.4f hour
7.4g minute
7.4h month
7.4i now
7.4j second
7.4k time
7.4l year
APPENDIX A: QUICK REFERENCE TABLES
A.1 Table of Items and Form and Page Characteristics
A.2 Table of Options
APPENDIX B: DEFAULT SIZES
APPENDIX C: UFDL FOR C AND C++ PROGRAMMERS
C.1 Procedural vs. State Language
C.2 Globals and Functions (Pages)
C.3 References and Dynamic Option Reference
C.4 Arrays
C.5 Assignment
APPENDIX D: GLOSSARY
AUTHOR CONTACT INFORMATION
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction to the UFDL
This document specifies the Universal Forms Description Language
(UFDL), which describes complex business forms for use over the
Internet. The objective of the UFDL is to enable the creation of
cross-platform Internet business forms that (1) contain both the
complex logic and precise layout that administrators require, (2)
are simple to maintain and distribute, and (3) integrate easily with
existing business systems. This document specifies the vocabulary,
Universal Forms Description Language [page 5]
syntax, and meaning of the UFDL.
Since more and more business is being done over the Internet, the
need for a form description language that incorporates the
complexities of business systems is growing. Typically, an
electronic business form is part of a process-intensive
administration system. Users or server modules populate forms with
data, the forms are distributed according to a work flow plan, and
the data is stored in a database (or, in departments that have no
complete electronic solution, the form is printed for storage). The
forms, which can contain hundreds of input items, need to validate
the data they receive, perform calculations and other logical
operations, and integrate with existing data management systems.
Today, most Internet forms are inadequate and are being created with
HTML.
HTML is designed for the easy display of Internet pages. As a
result, HTML is very good at creating the layout for web sites and
has become the standard for web pages. Web designers and IS
organizations are now trying to push HTML beyond what it was
intended to do. HTML forms work well for collecting basic
information over the Internet. However, most business forms are much
more complex than the typical HTML order form.
HTML was not designed to collect, validate, manipulate, or store
information. In order to build significant intelligence into an HTML
form, a developer has to use JavaScript. Business forms also may
need to travel through nodes in distribution chains, being viewed or
changed by people along the way. HTML forms submit merely the data
they've collected-the user interface and intelligence don't
accompany it, and so make it difficult to create a workflow system
for the form. HTML forms also have a fairly inflexible layout, and
it's impossible to create precise, complex HTML forms and print them
the way people are used to.
The UFDL was designed specifically for Internet business forms. It
describes all components of a complex form: user interface,
intelligent features, and input data. A UFDL form can be transmitted
whole or in part from node to node in a distribution chain. The
UFDL's precise layout specifications allow users to create and print
forms that replicate the paper forms they're used to. The UFDL
includes complex business logic so that intelligent features like
user-input checking, calculations, and in-form decisions are part of
the form itself, rather than a separate script, and travel with the
form to the next user. The UFDL allows developers to extend the
language to interface with other applications by adding their own
customized information to forms. The syntax of the UFDL is
high-level and easy to learn, but at the same time incorporates the
logic needed for business transactions. C and Java programmers will
recognize many features of the syntax.
1.2 UFDL Documentation
This section outlines how this document is organized, and directs
Universal Forms Description Language [page 6]
readers to other documents on the Universal Forms Description
Language for further information.
1.2a How This Document is Organized
The UFDL Specification is intended both for an academic audience
and for form developers and people writing applications that use
UFDL forms.
For an introduction to the language and its elements, see Part 2:
Introduction to the Universal Forms Description Language. It
explains the concepts behind the UFDL and specifies the components
of a UFDL form. It delineates the UFDL syntax and explains the
language elements.
For a full description of form global settings, form items, form
options, and directives for form viewers, see parts 2, 3, 4, and 5.
For the Backus-Naur Form (BNF) of the UFDL, see 'Appendix A:
Grammar of the UFDL'. C Programmers may find it useful to review
'Appendix C: UFDL for C and C++ Programmers'.
1.2b Other UFDL Documentation
Those who want to find out more about the grammar behind the UFDL
may want to view or download the Lexical and Syntactical
Specification for the UFDL.
Both of these documents are available at http://www.uwi.com/UFDL
1.3 Requirement Levels for UFDL Elements
This specification does not contain extraneous material, and
therefore most implementers of the UFDL will want to include all
elements specified here. However, not all elements are required,
though all are suggested.
This section specifies which elements are REQUIRED, RECOMMENDED, and
OPTIONAL in an implementation. The criterion for determining whether
an element of the language is REQUIRED is whether the exclusion of
the element would prevent people from filling and transmitting the
form.
Unless specified in the list below, all elements are REQUIRED. An
implementation that does not include an element MUST interoperate
with another implementation that does include the element (though
perhaps with reduced functionality). In the same vein, an
implementation that does include the element MUST interoperate
with one that does not (except, of course, for the feature the
element provides). Also, before deciding to ignore an element that
is RECOMMENDED, an implementor must understand the implications
of not including the element.
RECOMMENDED Elements (Elements that implementors SHOULD include)
- bgcolor option
- fontcolor option
Universal Forms Description Language [page 7]
- labelbgcolor option
- labelfontcolor option
- next option
- previous option
- printsettings option
OPTIONAL Elements (Elements that implementors MAY include)
- help item
- bordercolor option
- borderwidth option
- help option
- labelbordercolor option
- labelborderwidth option
- #include directive
Note: For a definition of the words REQUIRED, RECOMMENDED, OPTIONAL,
MUST, SHOULD, and MAY as used in this section, see RFC 2119.
1.4 Implied Semantics for UFDL Viewers
There are a few behaviors that are "implied" but not explicit in
the UFDL, and that are defining features of the UFDL. This section
outlines those behaviors, and should be considered part of the UFDL
Specification.
Temporary Files
A viewer that uses UFDL forms may create temporary files in the
following locations:
- web browser's temp directory
- Windows temp directory
- viewer's temp directory
A viewer MUST NOT create temporary files in any other location
on a user's computer. This prevents system files or permanent
user files from being at risk if they're not in temp directories.
A viewer may delete files from the three temporary directories
listed above at its discretion, but it MUST delete ONLY files that
are older than the last reboot of the operating system, or that it
can positively identify as one of its own temporary files.
The following UFDL form events may cause a UFDL viewer to create
and/or delete temporary files: Opening a form; Closing a form;
Submitting a form (a transaction of type "submit" or "done");
Emailing a form (if a viewer supports emailing forms); Enclosing
files; Displaying enclosures.
Permanent Files
Certain UFDL form operations require a viewer to read or create
permanent files. They are: Enclosing a File; Extracting a File;
and Saving a form. Only button and cell items can initiate these
operations. Automatic actions MUST NOT initiate actions that
create permanent files on a user's computer.
When a viewer performs an enclose, extract, or save operation, it
MUST conform to the restrictions that follow.
Enclosures: When the user activates an enclose button or cell, the
viewer must prompt the user with a file browser so that the user
can choose which file to enclose. This file browser must allow the
Universal Forms Description Language [page 8]
user to cancel the enclose transaction without writing the
enclosure into the form. Users may choose to enclose any files to
which their operating system gives them access.
Extractions: When the user activates an extract button or cell,
the viewer must prompt the user with a file browser so that the
user may choose both a location and a name for the file that's
being extracted. Other than the usual restrictions on file names
that the user's operating system imposes, the viewer must not
restrict the file name the user chooses. If the user specifies a
file name that already exists, then the viewer must warn the user
that it exists, and ask the user whether to overwrite the existing
file. The user must be able to cancel the extract operation before
the viewer has written the permanent file.
Saves: When the user activates a save button or cell, the viewer
must prompt the user with a file browser so that the user may
choose both a location and a name for the saved form. (Save acts
like "Save As".) Other than the usual restrictions on file names
that the user's operating system imposes, the viewer must not
restrict the file name the user chooses. If there is already a
file with the file name that the user specifies, then the viewer
must warn the user that it exists, and ask the user whether to
overwrite the existing file. The viewer must allow the user to
cancel the save operation before the viewer has written the
permanent file.
These rules have been created in order to allow users to perform the
enclosures, extractions, and saves necessary when completing
business forms, while at the same time protecting their computers by
(a) limiting temporary files to temp directories, and (b) preventing
uploads and downloads that users are not aware of.
1.5 Security Considerations
The UFDL specifies the description of a form, but not the transport
protocol for transmitting it. Any trasmission security issues that
exist for the transport protocol submitting the form (for example,
those used by mail programs and web browsers) exist when
transmitting a UFDL form. (Note, however, that UFDL forms can be
compressed using a compression algorithm before they are submitted.
For more information, see the transmitformat option description.)
UFDL forms cannot invoke programs on local computer drives. In
addition, a UFDL viewer must save temporary files to standard
temp directories only, as outlined in '1.4 Implied Semantics' above.
A UFDL Viewer may only read and write permament files under strict
conditions and then only with the user's knowledge (through
presenting a file browser); see '1.4 Implied Semantics' for more
information.
1.6 Responding to Errors in the Form Description
Any UFDL form interpreter must parse a UFDL form for non-compliance
to the UFDL specification. This debugger should treat
Universal Forms Description Language [page 9]
non-compliances in the following manner:
Flag as Warnings - All item types and option types that are not part
of the UFDL. These must be flagged as warnings and not as errors
because the UFDL allows developers to create custom items and
options for inserting application-specific information into forms.
Forms containing non-compliances that generate warning messages may
still be displayed. The non-compliances must be ignored when
displaying the form, and the defaults used instead (if applicable).
A UFDL Viewer may implement a mechanism that allows users to turn
off the warning messages.
Flag as Errors - Anything that might (but also might not) adversely
affect the appearance or functionality of the form. Forms that
contain non-compliances that might affect the appearance or
functionality of the form may be displayed. The non-compliances
must be ignored, and the defaults (if applicable) must be used
when displaying the form.
Flag as Fatal Errors - Anything that will adversely affect the
appearance or functionality of the form. Forms containing
non-compliances that generate fatal error messages must not be
displayed.
In addition, the UFDL debugger must check the version number of the
form it parses. The version number denotes which version of the UFDL
specification the form complies with. The parser must check for
non-compliances based on the version of the UFDL that the form was
written with. This provides backwards compatibility.
------
2. Introduction to the Universal Forms Description Language
2.1 What is UFDL?
Summary
The Universal Forms Description Language (UFDL) is a language that
describes complex Internet business forms much the way HTML
describes web pages. It is cross-platform, easy to learn, and its
features are tailored to business needs.
Note: Because UFDL version 4.0 includes the start value element
in an option name, any code written to work with the UFDL BNF
version 3.3.1 or earlier will not be able to parse a version 4.0
form.
Details
UFDL is a platform-independent, high-level language that
describes Internet business forms. It was designed specifically
for creating forms that are capable of replacing paper forms
systems. That is, it creates forms that:
- Create auditable records, by viewing a form as an object that
Universal Forms Description Language [page 10]
includes layout instructions and data, and that can be passed
whole from node to node in a distribution chain, archived, and
retrieved later for verification.
- Let users work offline or online.
- Perform logical operations, functions, and other behavioral
changes based on user events.
- Give users editing and error checking tools.
- Allow users to digitally sign the whole form or parts of the
form.
- Appear the same on any platform and under any screen resolution
and system font size.
- Interface with other applications.
UFDL incorporates the following design concepts:
Familiar Syntax
UFDL is easy to pick up, because it is syntactically similar to
two industry standard programming languages: C++ and Java. Here
is the description of a very simple UFDL form:
version = "3.2.0";
bgcolor = ["ivory"];
page_1 = new page
{
body_label = new label
{
value = "This is a UFDL form.";
}
}
Essentially, the form consists of one or more pages. A page
contains zero or more items, like the label item in the example
above. The items can be made from item types that are part of UFDL
(labels, buttons, fields, automatic actions and so on), or from
item types form designers create themselves. Pages and item types
have certain default characteristics that form developers can
modify by specifying various options.
Declarative Language
Statements in a UFDL form description are always maintained as
being true, much as formula fields in a spreadsheet are maintained
as true. The simplest example of this is a total field that adds up
the contents of various dollar fields in a form. If one of the
dollar fields changes, so does the total field.
What makes UFDL different from languages like C++ and Java in this
respect is that the constant evaluation of dependencies is inherent
in the language. A UFDL form requires no special procedures to be
written in order to run evaluations; the evaluations run
automatically whenever dependent data changes.
Extensible Syntax
UFDL was designed to be easily extensible for both form developers
and the creators of UFDL.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 11]
- Form developers can create their own item and option types
within forms (although currently they cannot set up inherited
attributes for each type they create).
- The authors of UFDL can add new features to each new version of
UFDL.
Open Protocol
UFDL is an open protocol. This gives developers the freedom to
manipulate UFDL forms any way they want. Scripts can be written to
dynamically create forms, modify forms, or extract specific
information from forms. UFDL forms can themselves make requests to
databases and populate themselves with the information returned.
This flexibility allows developers to integrate UFDL forms into any
application.
People with knowledge of C or C++ may wish to refer to Appendix D:
UFDL for C and C++ Programmers. This appendix outlines UFDL's
similarities to those languages.
------
2.2 Features of UFDL Forms
A UFDL form looks and behaves just the way you imagine an
electronic form should. It can contain graphical elements,
modifiable fields, and action items. You can organize a UFDL form
into pages similar to the pages in a paper form and you can include
navigational aids such as toolbars, tabbing instructions, and
scroll bars. In addition, you can code the form to make logical
decisions, to interface with other applications, and to
automatically format and check user's entries.
A desktop form viewer application displays the forms. This UFDL
form viewer allows users to enter input, enclose and view external
files, and print and save forms. When it is convenient, the user
can perform a simple action, such as pressing a button, to submit
the completed form to an application for processing.
Some of the features that make UFDL forms ideal for every-day
business use are outlined here.
Versatile Form Design
UFDL is very versatile. It provides many features you can use to
customize both the appearance and functionality of your form.
Absolute and Relational Positioning Schemes
UFDL supports both an absolute positioning scheme and a relational
positioning scheme. The absolute positioning scheme allows a form
designer to place visible form items in fixed locations on a form.
This is useful for beginners and for GUI design applications that
use a drag-and-drop method for designing forms. But an absolute
positioning scheme is not a cross-platform solution. Used in
conjunction with relational positioning, however, it can create
modularized blocks of a form that can be easily moved around.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 12]
UFDL's relational positioning scheme allows designers to create
forms that appear the same on any platform. It aligns visual
elements in relation to other visual elements on the form, ensuring
forms look consistent on all computers and at all screen
resolutions. If an item changes size-either to accommodate a
dynamically created value or a system font size-items aligned to it
will shift in relation to it. This relational positioning scheme is
flexible, giving developers freedom to create original layouts.
Support for User-Defined Objects
UFDL lets designers define their own form objects. These objects
have no visible properties and initiate no actions, which means
that form developers can store specialized information in the form
without harming its appearance or behavior. A form viewer
application respects references to custom objects in the form
definition, allowing a custom object to accumulate information and
also allowing other elements in the form to be altered according
to the custom object's contents.
Input and Format Control
UFDL permits form designers to specify an item's availability, edit
state, and input and output formats. This means the form can
perform much of the data checking and formatting typically
performed by form processing applications.
Digital Signatures
Version 4.0 and higher of UFDL supports digital signatures, for
secure, tamper-proof documents. Digital signatures are incorporated
into the description of the form, and allow the developer to
specify that a user may sign the entire form or parts of the form.
In addition, multiple users may sign a form.
Automatic Actions
UFDL supports automatic timed behavior activated by the form. Forms
can automatically cancel themselves, submit themselves to a server
for processing, open new forms, and upload information to a server.
The ability to perform automatic actions provides a mechanism that
form designers can use to create stated connections with other
applications. An application typically requiring a stated
connection is a database management system.
Logical Operations and Arithmetic Computations
UFDL uses a set of options to describe a form object's appearance
and behavior. For example, the option bgcolor describes an object's
background color. UFDL permits form designers to use literal values
or logically computed values (called computations) to determine the
value of an option.
These computations are resolved when the form appears. You can nest
Universal Forms Description Language [page 13]
computations, employ complex mathematical operations, populate and
use arrays, and make decisions.
Computations provide designers with a very powerful and
sophisticated tool for customizing forms to the needs of individual
users and applications. It takes very little code (one line per
logical computation) and it allows decisions regarding a form's
appearance and behavior to occur at run-time.
Functions
UFDL functions allow forms to perform procedural logicas well as
complex operations that would normally require complicated
conditional statements. For details, see 7: UFDL Functions".
Stand Alone Definitions
All aspects of a form's appearance, behavior, and content are
integral to the form definition. Therefore, unless you specify
otherwise, the entire form definition and the user data travel with
the form when a user submits it for processing. Consequently, you
can transmit any UFDL form to any site with a UFDL-compliant form
viewer application and the viewer will display the form correctly.
The only exception to this rule occurs when the form design
specifies partial submission of forms. UFDL permits form designers
to specify partial submissions in one of two ways:
* by specifying which parts to transmit
* by specifying HTML format
Partial submissions help reduce network traffic and transmission
time.
Context Sensitive Help
UFDL provides a mechanism whereby form designers can define help
messages for individual items in the form. Help messages appear in
a window overlaying the form.
Enclosures
Users can enclose external files in UFDL forms. They can organize
the files into folders, and they can display, copy, or remove the
files. Enclosed files are encoded using the base64 encoding
technique.
UFDL includes a MIME type with an enclosed file's description.
This allows form viewer applications to choose an appropriate
viewer (for example, World Wide Web browser, word processor, etc.)
when displaying enclosures.
------
2.3 Description of a UFDL Form
Universal Forms Description Language [page 14]
A UFDL form is a collection of items (for example, buttons, labels,
amd fields) organized into pages. There are items to display fixed
values, items to collect user input, items to initiate actions, and
items to assist with form navigation. The decision about which
items to place on a page and how many pages to include in the form
is application dependent.
UFDL provides a set of options for assigning characteristics to the
form and to its pages and items. These include such things as the
behavior, appearance, and location of an item. UFDL defines default
settings for many of these options, or you can define your own
settings in the form.
The following example describes a simple two-page form:
version = "4.0.0";
bgcolor = ["ivory"];
page_1 = new page
{
bgcolor = ["seashell"];
next_page_button = new button
{
value = "Next Page";
url = ["#page_2.global"];
}
}
page_2 = new page
{
fontinfo = ["Helvetica", "14", "plain"];
hello_label = new label
{
value = "Hello, world.";
}
}
For information on the syntax rules of a form description, see
"2.4-Syntax of UFDL"
------
2.3a What is a Page?
A form page is similar to a page in a paper form. Each page
consists of its own set of items. You can place any number and type
of items on a page. The number of items, their sizes, and their
locations determine the size of the page.
See the discussions of 'Relational and Absolute Positioning'
and 'Item Placement' for more information on this topic.
In some senses, pages act like independent forms. They have their
own size, appearance, toolbars, and characteristics. As well,
relational positioning of the page's items is based solely on other
items on the same page.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 15]
The following example shows a page containing a label and a button:
page_1 = new page
{
bgcolor = ["seashell"];
hello_label = new label
{
value = "Hello, world.";
fontcolor = ["blue"];
}
next_page_button = new button
{
value = "Next Page";
url = ["#page_2.global"];
}
}
For more information on the syntax rules of a page description, see
'2.4-Syntax of UFDL'
Relational and Absolute Positioning
UFDL supports two positioning schemes for creating a page image:
relational and absolute positioning. In the relational positioning
scheme, each item's location depends on the location and size of
one or more other items on the page. For example, a field might be
below and slightly to the right of a label. A series of buttons
might be placed to appear one after the other.
In the absolute positioning scheme, each visible item is anchored
to a particular coordinate on the page drawn on the computer
screen. Each coordinate represents a distance in pixels from the
top left corner of the page. In addition, a form designer using
absolute positioning can offset items from other items.
Absolute positioning is useful for graphic form design programs
because it allows users to drag and drop items on a form. It is not
a good cross-platform positioning scheme, although when used
carefully in conjunction with relational positioning, it can be
successful.
Relational positioning provides cross-platform compatibility in
UFDL form designs, because all visible items are placed relative
to each other. Therefore, if any item's size changes because of a
change in font size or a dynamically generated value, other items
on the form will shift to accommodate it, while maintaining their
positions relative to each other.
For more information, see '2.4f-Item Placement'
Toolbars
The toolbar is a separate and fixed area at the top of a page.
It functions much like a toolbar in a word processing application.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 16]
Typically, you place items in the toolbar that you want users to
see no matter what portion of the page they are viewing. Toolbars
are optional and each page has its own toolbar.
The toolbar and the remainder (or body) of the page operate
independently of one another. Both are scrollable, and scrolling
one does not scroll the other. The toolbar can also have different
characteristics than the page body, and relational positioning of
toolbar items is based solely on other items on the same toolbar.
------
2.3b What is an Item?
Items are the basic elements of a page. Just as paper forms consist
of items like lines, boxes, and instructions, UFDL forms consist of
items like lines, boxes, text fields, labels, buttons, and so on.
There are two categories of items:
- external
- internal or hidden
A page can include both categories of items.
See the section 'UFDL Form Items' in section 4.0
for a description of each item.
External items occupy space on the page. They can be either visible
or invisible. Visible items are things users see like labels and
buttons. Invisible items are things like spacers that create white
space on the form.
Internal items are invisible and occupy no space; instead they
trigger form actions or store data used by other items. Action and
data items are examples of internal items. An action item initiates
a transmission, while a data item contains data stored in the form.
An instance is a particular occurrence of an
item type. For example, a form may have two
labels. Each label is an instance of the
item type 'label'.
Each type of item has default characteristics. For example, all
fields will be a certain length and color unless the form developer
specifies otherwise. A form developer can modify an item's default
characteristics by adding options to its definition. For example,
the field described below on the left would have a default
appearance of 60 characters long and one row high (as well as
having other default characteristics). On the right, the size
option added to its description overrides that default size.
date_field = new field
{
}
Universal Forms Description Language [page 17]
date_field = new field
{
size = ["20", "1"];
}
Field using default characteristics only
Modified size overriding the default size
There are defaults for most item characteristics. If the defaults
meet your requirements, an item definition may include only the
instance identifier, a unique item tag. Instance identifiers are
mandatory. They are critical to the relational positioning scheme.
For that reason, UFDL incorporates the identifier into the syntax
of an item definition.
An item's definition includes:
- An instance identifier (an item tag that uniquely identifies
it).
- An open brace following the item declaration.
- A close brace at the end of the definition (after the options,
if there are any).
- Optional information giving the item characteristics, including
its position on the page, graphical characteristics and size,
initial value and edit state, and instructions for handling the
item when the form is submitted. Because these characteristics
are optional, the lines that specify them are called options.
Here is a sample of an item description:
date_field = new field
{
size = ["20", "1"];
label = "Today's Date";
format = ["date", "long"];
value = "*";
itemlocation = [["after", "name_field"]];
}
For more information on the syntax rules of an item's description,
see '2.4-Syntax of UFDL'
------
2.3c What is an Option?
See the section 'UFDL Form Options' in section
4.0 for a description of each option.
An option defines one characteristic of a form, a page, or an item.
There are options to specify each aspect of the appearance and
behavior of your form. Some options apply to the entire form,
others apply only to items, and still others apply to pages or
items. The example below shows options giving characteristics to an
entire form, to a page, and to a particular item.
version = "3.2.0";
bgcolor = ["ivory"];
Universal Forms Description Language [page 18]
page_1 = new page
{
...
page_1 = new page
{
bgcolor = ["seashell"];
bar_box = new box
{
...
bar_box = new box
{
bgcolor = ["black"];
size = ["60", "5"];
}
...
Options that appear at the top of the form, like the example on the
far left, are called global settings. They apply to the whole form.
Options that appear at the top of a page, like the example in the
center, are called page settings. They apply to the entire page.
Page settings override any similar global settings-but only for the
page on which they occur.
Options within items, like the example on the far right, apply only
to the item whose description they are in.
------
2.3d Including External Files
See the '#include' section in section 2.8a for a
description of the '#include' statement.
The UFDL #include statement allows you to include external files in
your form definition much as you would include header files in a
C language source file. The form viewer application replaces the
#include statement with the contents of the file you specify. The
included file must reside in a secure include directory accessible
to the form viewer application.
------
2.3e Unrecognized Items and Options
User-Defined Items and Options and Newer UFDL Items and Options
As a UFDL form viewer parses a form, it ignores items and options
it does not recognize. This feature has a number of advantages.
* It allows a form designer to include items and options for new
form viewer applications without affecting the form's behavior
in other viewers.
* Form processing applications can use the custom items and
options when processing the form. One example of a custom item
might be an SQL query item the application uses to populate a
Universal Forms Description Language [page 19]
response form.
Unrecognized items and options include:
* User defined (or custom) items and options.
* Items and options from releases of UFDL that are newer than the
user's form viewer application understands.
-----
2.4 Syntax of UFDL
2.4a Basic Syntax Rules
The basic syntax rules of UFDL are:
* It is case sensitive.
* It ignores white space around and within statements.
* It permits multiple line statements.
* It permits multiple statements per line.
------
2.4b Form Definition
The syntax of a UFDL form definition is as follows:
<version definition statement>*
<option definitions for the form characteristics>
<page definition1>
...
<page definitionn>**
* mandatory statement. See 'version' on page 226 for the syntax of
this statement.
** there is no limit placed on the number of page definitions in a
form; however, every form must contain at least one page
definition.
For example,
version = "3.2.0";
bgcolor = ["ivory"];
fontinfo = ["Helvetica", "10", "plain"];
//This is page 1
page_1 = new page
{
<option definitions for the page settings>
<item definitions for items located on page 1>
}
//This is page 2
page_2 = new page
Universal Forms Description Language [page 20]
{
<option definitions for the page settings>
<item definitions for items located on page 2>
}
...
//This is page 10
page_10 = new page
{
<option definitions for the page settings>
<item definitions for items located on page 10>
}
Defining global settings for the form is optional. It has the
effect of setting characteristics that apply to the entire form. In
the previous example, version, bgcolor, and fontcolor are global
settings. These characteristics override the defaults defined by
UFDL. Specific pages and items will override these global settings
if the same option has been defined differently for that page or
item.
------
2.4c Page Definition
The syntax of a page definition is as follows:
<page tag> = new page
{
<option definitions for the page characteristics>
<item definition1>
...
<item definitionn>
}
Notes:
i) The braces are mandatory.
ii) A page definition must begin on a new line.
iii) Item definitions are optional and there is no limit placed
on the number of item definitions in a page.
The page tag uniquely identifies a page instance. No two page tags
in a form can be the same. See the section 'Identifiers' on page 39
for tag naming conventions.
Defining page characteristics is optional. It has the effect of
setting options that are global to that page. These characteristics
override the defaults defined by UFDL and any global options set by
the form characteristics. Specific items will override the page
settings if the same option has been defined differently for that
item.
In the following example, you can see a sample page definition.
The page tag is Page_one and the page contains a label and a
button. The page has a background color of cornsilk and each item
on the page will have a font of Times 14.
Page_one = new page
{
Universal Forms Description Language [page 21]
bgcolor = ["cornsilk"];
fontinfo = ["Times", "14", "plain"];
button_label = new label
{
<option definitions for the label characteristics>
}
save_button = new button
{
<option definitions for the button characteristics>
}
}
------
2.4d Item Definition
The syntax of an item definition is as follows:
<item tag> = new <item type>
{
<option definition1>
...
<option definitionn>
}
Notes:
i) The braces are mandatory.
ii) An item definition must begin on a new line.
iii) Option definitions are optional.
iv) You cannot assign values to options in other item definitions.
The item tag uniquely identifies an item instance. No two item tags
on a page can be the same. See the section '2.5a-Identifiers'
for tag naming conventions.
Item type is a name that identifies the type of item. Examples of
item types are: button, label, field, line, and check. See the
section 'UFDL Form Items' on page 58 for a description of each item
type.
Tip: You can also define and use your own
item types and options. See the '<custom>'
item and option descriptions later in this
manual.
There is a finite list of UFDL-defined options applicable to each
type of item. You can code as many or as few from the list as you
wish. There are default settings for most options (defined by
UFDL). You may choose to use those defaults or to define your own
settings. Defining your own settings overrides the defaults.
You can also create your own item types. A UFDL parser will ignore
these custom item types, but you can use them to store information
specific to your application, and then refer to them in other item
descriptions in the form. For more information on how to refer to
options in the form, see 'Referring to Other Options' later in this
section.
In the following example, you can see a sample button definition.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 22]
The button has the following characteristics:
* The item tag is save_button.
* It will save the form to a file on the user's workstation.
* The button's label is Save Form.
* The background color is cyan.
* The font used for the label is Helvetica 12.
save_button = new button
{
bgcolor = ["cyan"];
fontinfo = ["Helvetica", "12"];
type = "save";
value = "Save Form";
}
------
2.4e Item Size
Every external item has a characteristic shape. Many items also
contain data such as text and images. This is the basic item. For
example, the basic field is a rectangular space where users can
input text. Buttons are rectangular objects containing a
descriptive label.
Items may also contain the following elements:
* borders
* an external label
* scroll bars
Borders are lines outlining an item's shape. Their use is optional
and their thickness is variable.
External labels are part of an item's definition but they occupy
their own space. An example of an external label is the label you
define for a field. This label occupies space above the field item.
Several types of items permit users to scroll the data the item
contains. Typically, scroll bars appear with these items. Examples
of items permitting scrolling are fields and lists.
Size Calculation
There are two sizes calculated for an item. They are:
* basic item size
* the item's bounding box
The basic item size is composed of the item's characteristic shape
Universal Forms Description Language [page 23]
and any imbedded data. UFDL defines a set of default basic item
sizes. You can choose to use these defaults or you can define the
size using the size option. When deciding whether to define the
size and what size to specify, you will want to consider any data
imbedded in the item.
The bounding box is an unseen rectangular area surrounding each
item and including all elements of the item. The size of the
bounding box depends on the sizes of the various elements. UFDL
calculates this size, taking into account the basic item size and
the existence and size of the various optional elements. For
example, if the item definition contains a borderwidth setting
(meaning the item has a border), then the bounding box size
encompasses the basic item and the space occupied by the border.
See 'Appendix B: Default Sizes' for the default item
and bounding box sizes.
Altering Size Dynamically
You can dynamically alter the bounding box size, and thus the basic
item size and the space available for the external label. The
itemlocation option contains various directives permitting you to
do this.
An item's vertical center is halfway between
the top and bottom edges. The horizontal
center is halfway between the left and right
edges.
A bounding box has six edges: left, right, top, bottom, vertical
center, and horizontal center. You can align any of these edges
with the edge of another item's bounding box (called a reference
item in this context). Once you have aligned one edge, you can
expand the bounding box until the far edge aligns with another
location. In this manner, you override the bounding box length in
that direction.
Aligning horizontal centers Expanding right edge to right edge
For example, you can align the left edge with the horizontal center
of one reference item. You can then expand the right edge until it
aligns with the right edge of the original reference item or a
second reference item. This pair of directives sets the bounding
box width.
------
2.4f Item Placement
UFDL supports two different positioning schemes to place external
items on a page: relational positioning and absolute positioning.
Relational positioning means an item's location depends on the
location and size of one or more other items on the page. This
feature is similar to the mechanism used for dynamic sizing.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 24]
Relational positioning uses the bounding boxes of the other items
as reference points. Items align relative to these bounding boxes.
You must define the location of the other items before you can use
them as reference points.
The itemlocation option provides various directives you can use to
specify an item's location. For example, you might place an image
before a radio and expand its bottom edge to the bottom edge of
the radio button.
Positioning the image before radio buttons
Expanding the bottom of the image to the bottom of the radio
buttons.
The only items whose placement is not affected by relational
positioning are the first item in the toolbar and the first item in
the body of the page. The first item assigned to the toolbar goes
in the top left corner of the toolbar. The first item not assigned
to the toolbar goes in the top left corner of the body.
Absolute positioning places an item in an absolute position on the
page, anchoring it to a particular coordinate. This coordinate is
a pair of pixel measurements defining the item's distance from the
top left corner of the page.
Absolute positioning also allows items to be offset from their
original position, in order to make layout with an absolute
positioning scheme more flexible. When offsetting an item, the form
developer first places the item on the page and then specifies how
far it should be offset from that position.
The absolute positioning scheme's advantage is that it makes
designing a drag-and-drop form designer easy. Absolute positioning
is not a good cross-platform solution, however, and in order to
ensure that forms appear consistent on all platforms, developers
should use either strictly the relational positioning scheme, or a
careful combination of relational and absolute positioning.
For more information, see the itemlocation option description in
section 5.19.
------
2.4g Toolbar Definition
A toolbar is a section that stretches across the top of a page in
which items can be placed for quick access. If a user scrolls down
on a page, the toolbar remains visible.
A user defines a toolbar using the toolbar item. Each page can have
one toolbar, and the toolbar will appear on only that page. Place
items in the toolbar by using the within modifier of the
itemlocation option.
The following example shows the definition of a toolbar with two
Universal Forms Description Language [page 25]
items: a label and a close button.
p1_toolbar = new toolbar
{
bgcolor = ["cyan"];
}
title_label = new label
{
value = "Student Registration Form";
fontinfo = ["Helvetica", "16", "bold"];
itemlocation = [["within", "p1_toolbar"]];
}
close_button = new button
{
type = "close";
value = "Close Form";
itemlocation = [["within", "p1_toolbar"], ["below", "title_label"],
["alignhorizc2c", "title_label"]];
}
------
2.4h Option Definition
An option definition is an assignment statement that assigns one
characteristic to an item, a page, or to the whole form. The
expression on the right hand side of the equal sign contains the
option's setting. The syntax of an option definition statement is
as follows:
<option identifier> = <expression>;
Note: The semicolon is mandatory and terminates the statement.
For example:
value = "Submit Form";
fontinfo = ["Helvetica", 16", "bold"];
url = global.global.db_address
Explanation of Syntax
Option identifier is a name that identifies the type of option. It
can be a UFDL-defined option or a user-defined option. Examples of
option identifier are: bgcolor, fontinfo, itemlocation, and size.
See the section 'UFDL Form Options' in section 5 for a description
of each option and its possible values.
An expression specifies a value. An expression can be any of the
following:
* a literal
(for example, the right hand side of
value = "Submit Form"; )
* a reference to another option definition in the form
(for example, the right hand side of
url = global.global.db_address; )
* an operation
(for example, the right hand side of
value = total_field.value + "3400"; )
Universal Forms Description Language [page 26]
* an array specification
(for example, the right hand side of
fontinfo = ["Helvetica", "16", "bold"]; )
------
2.4i Literals
Specify a literal as a quoted string. This is true even for
operands of an operation. Examples of using literals are:
"V3.2.0" - yields "V3.2.0"
"1" + "2"- yields "3"
"UFDL\\" +. "form1"- yields "UFDL\\form1"
------
2.4j References to Other Options
In order to copy information from one place in the form to another,
or to make a decision based on the contents of items in the form, a
developer needs to refer to one or more other options in the form.
This is done using an option reference. The referenced option
definition can exist anywhere in the form definition, including
after the current statement.
For examples of option references, see the paragraphs following the
box below.
An option reference has several possible formats:
1.for options in the current item definition use one of the
following:*
* <option reference>
* <option reference>-><option reference>
2.for options in another item definition use one of the following:*
* <item reference>.<option reference>
* <item reference>.<option reference>-><option reference>
3.for options in page characteristics use one of the following:
* global.<option reference>
- for characteristics on the current page
* <page tag>.global.<item reference>
- for characteristics on another page
4.for options in form characteristics use:
global.global.<option reference>
where <option reference> is one of:
* <option identifier>
- for the complete option setting (it can be a single
value or an array)
* <option identifier>[<array element>]
- for one element of an array**
and <item reference> is one of:
* <item tag>
- for items on the current page
* <page tag>.<item tag>
- for items on another page
and the indirect membership operator (->) indicates:
Universal Forms Description Language [page 27]
* a dynamic option reference
* The phrase '-> <option reference>' can occur any number of times
on the right hand side of an option statement.
** See 'Array References' in section 2.4n for information on
<array element>.
In order to refer to an option that varies depending on what the
user of a form enters, use a dynamic option reference. For example,
a form developer cannot know what cell a user will choose in a
popup menu. To refer to the value of whatever cell the user
chooses, the developer must use a dynamic option reference.
For example:
popup_menu.value->value
A dynamic option reference (-> <option reference>) provides a
mechanism for determining the location of the option at run-time.
The references preceding the indirect membership operator must
resolve to an item reference or a reference to the form or page
characteristics.
Examples of option references are:
- an item on the current page:
list_one.value
This identifies the value option of the item whose item
reference is list_one.
- a form characteristic:
global.global.bgcolor
This identifies the bgcolor option specified at the top of the
form, as a form global characteristic.
- a dynamic option reference with one level of indirection:
The my_choice.value setting becomes the item reference for the
bgcolor option. If, for example, my_choice.value contains
"global", then this reference is equivalent to global.bgcolor.
- a dynamic option reference with two levels of indirection:
my_choice.value->value->bgcolor
The my_choice.value setting becomes the item reference for the
value option. If, for example, my_choice.value contains
"your_choice", then my_choice.value->value is equivalent to
your_choice.value.
If your_choice.value contains "page_two.global", then the complete
reference is equivalent to page_two.global.bgcolor.
------
2.4k Relative Page Tags and Item Tags
UFDL contains a way to refer to pages and items without using
specific identifiers: relative page tags and item tags.
For example:
Universal Forms Description Language [page 28]
value = itemnext->value;
itemlocation = [["after", itemprevious]];
url = ["#"+.global.pagenext->global];
url = [global.global->pagefirst->itemfirst->url[0]];
Refering to items and pages that don't exist yet
Relative page tags and item tags are particularly useful if you are
making template forms for an application that dynamically generates
extra items and pages during run time.
Since dynamically-generated items and pages don't exist until
runtime, you cannot refer to them by name when you are coding the
template form (since you don't necessarily know what name the
generation program will use). Relative page tags and item tags
allow you to refer to non-existent pages and items.
For example, you might want to add a paging button that opens the
next page of a form when the user clicks it. Normally, if your next
page was called page_2, you'd set up the paging button's url to:
url = ["#page_2.global"];
But if the next page will be dynamically generated by a program,
you don't know what page tag to put in the url. So you would use
a relative page tag, like this:
url = ["#"+.global.pagenext->global];
Available relative page tags and item tags
pagefirst
Meaning First page in form description.
Reference must start at Form global (global.global).
Example
url = [global.global->pagefirst->submitButton.url[0]];
pagelast
Meaning Last page in form description.
Reference must start at Form global (global.global).
Example
value = global.global.pagelast->resultField.value;
pageprevious
Meaning Previous page in form description.
Reference must start at Page global (global).
Example
url = ["#"+.global.pageprevious->global];
pagenext
Meaning Next page in form description. The last page points to
the first page.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 29]
Reference must start at Page global (global).
Example
url = ["#"+.global.pagenext->global];
itemfirst
Meaning First item in page description.
Reference must start at Page global (global).
Example
value = global.itemfirst->value;
itemlast
Meaning Last item in page description.
Reference must start at Page global (global).
Example
value = global.itemlast->value;
itemprevious
Meaning Previous item in page description. First item points to
last item in page description.
Reference must start at Item level.
itemlocation = [["after", itemprevious]];
itemnext
Meaning Next item in page description. Last item points to first
item in page description.
Reference must start at Item level.
Example
value = itemnext->value;
Rules for creating references using relative tags
To create references using relative page tags and item tags:
1. Follow the normal rules for page, item, and option references
(see "References to Other Options" earlier in this section),
except apply the rule in 2, below.
2. Use the dereference symbol ( -> ) following the relative tag,
if the tag is followed by another tag. For example:
itemlocation = [["after", itemprevious]];
but
value = itemprevious->value;
and
value = global.global.pagefirst->itemfirst->value;
If you do not use the dereference symbol, a UFDL parser will
evaluate the relative tag as an option name.
------
2.4l Operations
Universal Forms Description Language [page 30]
An operation is a calculation or a decision. The syntax of a
calculation is one of the following:
1.<operand> <math operator> <operand>
2.<operand>
Operands that are numbers can have a unary minus. An operand can
be any of the following:
- a literal (for example, "3")
- a reference to another option (for example, total_field.
value)
- a calculation (for example, "total_field.value" *"4")
- (<decision>) - see below for the syntax of a decision
A math operator can be any of the following:
- additive operator
- multiplicative operator
- exponentiation operator
See the table of operators below.
The syntax of a decision is as follows:
<comparison> ? <expression> : <expression>
where <comparison> is:
- <Boolean> <logical operator> <Boolean>
and <Boolean> is:
- <operand> <relational operator> <operand>
Note: See the table below for the definition of logical and
relational operators.
In decisions:
* An operand can have a logical NOT (!) before it.
* An expression cannot be an array.
Some examples of decisions are:
* A decision based on a check box.
male_check == "on" ? "male" : "female"
If the check box is selected, or on, then the result will be male.
Otherwise, the result will be female. This decision could be used
to set an item's value.
* A decision based on a value.
name_field == "Smith" ? "on" : "off"
If the name entered into the name field is Smith, then the result
will be on. Otherwise, the result will be off. This decision
could be used to set an item's active status.
UFDL recognizes the following operators:
Type of Operator Symbol Operation
Additive + addition
-(minus) subtraction
+. concatenation
Multiplicative * multiplication
/ division
Exponentation ^ exponential
Universal Forms Description Language [page 31]
Relational > greater than
< less than
<= less than or equal to
>= greater than or equal to
== equal to
!= not equal to
Logical && AND
|| OR
!! NOT
Unary Minus -(minus) take negative
Decision x?y:z Assign the value of expression
y to the result if expression x
evaluates to true. Otherwise,
assign the value of expression
z to the result.
Assignment = Assign right operand to left
operand
Membership .(dot) structure membership
[] array membership
-> indirect membership
Precedence of Operations
Operations are evaluated in the following order:
- membership
- exponentiation*
- multiplicative and unary minus*
Universal Forms Description Language [page 15]
- additive
- relational
- logical NOT
- logical AND
- logical OR
- conditional
Operations at the same level of precedence are evaluated from left
to right.
Parentheses override the precedence levels; however, operations
within parentheses are evaluated using the normal precedence
levels.
- When a unary minus immediately follows an
exponentiation symbol (^), the unary minus
is evaluated first. For example, 10^-5 is
evaluated as ten-to-the-minus-five.
Concatenation
An addition operation may imply concatenation. If either operand in
the addition contains a non-numeric value, the operands are
concatenated. Otherwise they are added arithmetically. You only
need to use the concatenation operator if both operands are, or can
be, numeric values.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 32]
The following examples demonstrate this rule:
"UFDL\\" + "form1" -yields "UFDL\\form1"
"UFDL\\form" + "1" - yields "UFDL\\form1"
"1" + "2" -yields "3"
"1" +. "2" -yields "12"
The last example would not have resulted in concatenation without
using the concatenation operator.
Separators
There are two separators in UFDL: comma (,) and semicolon (;).
The comma separates list entries; the semicolon terminates an
option definition statement.
------
2.4m User Events and Changes of State
An "event" is the user's act of causing the state of something in
the form to change. For example, when the user clicks a check box,
its state changes from being unchecked (or off), to being checked
(or on). This act of causing the state to change from off to on is
the event.
Other examples of events are:
- The user moves the mouse pointer over a button and its state
changes from not having the mouse pointer over it to having the
mouse pointer over it.
- The user switches from the first page to the second page in a
form, and the state of the first page changes from being active
to being no longer active, while the state of the second page
changes from not being active to being active.
Recording Changes of State
All states in a UFDL form are recorded in options.
For example, in check boxes the state of "being-checked or not" is
recorded in the value option. When a user checks a check box, its
value changes from off to on. For all visible items, all pages,
and for the entire form, the state of "having the mouse pointer
over me or not" is recorded in the mouseover option.
This provides a form developer with enormous potential for creating
intelligent forms that set and change themselves dynamically, based
on changes of state. Those changes can be changes of user input
(such as checking a check box), or simply changes of user behavior
(such as moving the mouse pointer over a button).
Example
The following example illustrates using an event (a change of state
caused by the user) to trigger self-modifying behavior in the form:
saveButton = new button
{
type = "save";
value = "Save";
Universal Forms Description Language [page 33]
bgcolor = [mouseover=="on" ? "white" : "gray90"];
}
The bgcolor option in the button above will change from gray to
white when the user moves the mouse pointer over the button.
------
2.4n Arrays
UFDL uses arrays to store values in options requiring multiple
settings. The number of elements and the number of dimensions in an
array depend on the option. However, the syntax of the language
supports n-elements and n-dimensions. Moreover, UFDL supports
arrays containing a mix of simple elements and sub-arrays.
The syntax of an array is as follows:
[<element1>, <element2>, ... <elementn>]
Note: 'n' is the number of settings in the option.
An element can be either of the following:
- an expression
- an element definition statement
Element Definition Statements
The element definition statement allows you to assign a variable
name to an element. Variable names permit you to refer to the
element by name rather than by its position in the array. The
syntax of an element definition statement is:
<variable> = <expression>
UFDL syntax includes variable names in some arrays. In this case,
you must use an element definition statement when assigning values
to the element. For example, the format option syntax specifies
names for the check option's range, length and template. To assign
values to any of these elements, you must use the name specified
in the syntax.
Examples of assignment statements using element definition statements:
using a UFDL-defined variable name
format = ["integer", range=["1","100"]];
using a user-defined variable name
delay = [the_repeat = "once", the_time = "10"];
using both UFDL-defined and user-defined variable names
format = [the_type = "string", length = ["5", "25"]];
Array elements for UFDL-defined option types must be coded in the
position they are documented in this specification, unless they
have UFDL-defined variable names listed in this specification. For
example, the elements for the size option must always be in the
order [width, height], but the elements for check and format types
in the format option can be in any order, since they have
UFDL-defined variable names.
Decisions in Arrays
A decision can be used to determine any element within an array, so
Universal Forms Description Language [page 34]
long as that element is not itself an array.
For example, the following format line is valid.
format = [check_1.value == "on" ? "string" : "integer"];
The decision sets the data type to be a string if check_1 is "on",
or an integer if it is "off".
This format line is not valid:
format = ["integer", check_1 == "on" ? range = ["10","20"] :
range = ["0","10"];
The range is itself an array, so a decision cannot be used to
determine which range should apply.
Array References
The syntax of an array reference is:
<array name>[<array element>]
Note: Repeat the phrase '[<array element>]' until reaching the
desired depth.
Array name is an option or variable identifier. Array element can
be one of two things:
- a number indicating the position of the element in the array
- variable name
Before using a variable name, you must define the name in an
element definition statement. See the section 'Element Definition
Statements' in section 2.4n for more information.
UFDL array starting position is 0; therefore, a reference to the
first element of the array is really a reference to element zero
(0).
The following examples show various array assignments and
references:
itemlocation = [["below", "field1"], ["alignl2l", "field2"],
["alignr2c", "field3"]];
itemlocation[0][1] - points to "field1"
itemlocation[2][0] - points to "alignr2c"
itemlocation = [the_pos= ["below", "field1"], the_align=
["alignl2l", "field2"]];
itemlocation[the_pos][1] - points to "field1"
itemlocation[the_align][0] - points to "alignl2l"
format = ["integer", range=["1","10"]];
format[0] - points to "integer"
format[range] - points to ["1", "10"]
format = ["integer", range=[the_low="1", the_high="10"]];
format[range][the_low] - points to "1"
------
2.4o Defining Tabbing and Paging
UFDL provides two mechanisms for defining the movement between
pages and items in a form.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 35]
- tabbing to the new item or page
- linking to the new page
You can combine these methods or you can choose to use only one.
The item in focus is the item with the
cursor and, often, with some form of
highlighting.
Tabbing permits the user to move from one item to another and from
one page to another using a keystroke. Linking permits the user to
select a form item whose action moves the focus to a new page.
Note: The only items users may tab or link to are modifiable items.
These are items users can change or select.
Tabbing
To use tabbing, define a tabbing sequence using the next option.
The sequence can include items anywhere in the form. Define the
tabbing sequence this way:
- Define the first item in the sequence by including the next
option in the form characteristics. When the form opens, the
page containing this item displays with the item that is in
focus.
- Define each subsequent item by including the next option in
the definition of each item in the sequence.
The next option setting is the item reference of the next item to
receive focus (that is, the referenced item). When the user tabs
from the current item, the referenced item receives the focus. If
the item is on a different page, the current page closes and the
new page displays.
You can use tabbing to display a new page without choosing an item
to activate. Set the next option to the characteristics reference
for the new page. This displays the new page and focusses on the
first item in that page's tabbing sequence. The page
characteristics reference is <page tag>.global.
- Define the first item in a page's tabbing sequence by
including the next option in the page characteristics.
This example shows a simple tabbing sequence:
version = "4.0.0";
// Open the form on page 'page_one' and focus on 'title_list'.
next = "page_one.title_list";
page_one = new page
{
// Define the default first item in this page's tabbing sequence.
next = "name_field";
bgcolor = ["LightBlue"];
form_title = new label
.......
}
title_list = new list
{
Universal Forms Description Language [page 36]
// Tab to the 'name_field' item from here.
next = "name_field";
......
}
name_field = new field
{
// Tab to the 'your_signature' item on 'page_two' from here.
next = "page_two.your_signature";
......
}
}
page_two = new page
{
bgcolor = ["PaleGreen"];
form_title = new label
{
......
}
your_signature = new tablet
{
// Tab back to page 'page_one' and focus on the first item
// in the page_one tabbing sequence.
next = "page_one.global";
......
}
}
Linking
To use linking, define action, button, or cell items for the links
you want to include in the form, and set their type option to
pagedone. Since each item performs only one link, you require a
separate action, button, or cell for each link. This method is
often best suited to defining links to new pages.
When you link to a new page, do one of the following:
- Specify an item on the new page for the focus to move to.
- Specify that the focus move to the default position on the
new page, by "linking" to the page characteristics section.
Store the reference of the linked item or page in the url option of
the action, button, or cell. The reference is an item reference or
a page characteristics reference. Use an item reference when you
want to link a specific item. Use the page characteristics
reference when you want to link the first item in the page's
tabbing sequence. A page characteristics reference is <page tag>
.global.
When the link occurs (i.e., a user selects the button), the current
page closes and the linked page appears. Before the current page
can close, all fields containing error checking must be correctly
filled in.
This example shows how you might use linking:
version = "4.0.0";
Universal Forms Description Language [page 37]
// Open the form on page 'page_one'. Allow the first item in the page's
// tabbing sequence to receive focus.
next = "page_one.global";
page_one = new page
{
// Define the default first item in this page's tabbing sequence.
next = "name_field";
bgcolor = ["LightBlue"];
form_title = new label
{
.......
}
name_field = new field
{
......
next_page = new button
{
value = "Page 2";
// Link to the next page. Allow the first item in the page's
// tabbing sequence to receive focus.
type = "pagedone";
url = "#page_two.global";
......
}
}
page_two = new page
{
// Define the default first item in this page's tabbing sequence.
next = "your_signature";
bgcolor = ["PaleGreen"];
form_title = new label
{
......
}
your_signature = new tablet
{
......
}
first_page = new button
{
value = "Page 1";
// Link to the first page. Allow the first item in the page's
// tabbing sequence to receive focus.
type = "pagedone";
url = "#page_one.global";
......
}
}
UFDL-Defined Default Paging and Tabbing Sequence
UFDL-defined default sequence depends on the order in which you
define pages and items in the form. The default first page is the
first page defined in the form. The default first item is the first
Universal Forms Description Language [page 38]
item defined for the body of that page.
The sequence progresses through the page definition moving from one
modifiable item to the next. If a user tabs past the last
modifiable item on the page, focus returns to the first modifiable
item in the page's toolbar (if one exists) or the first modifiable
item on the page. The default sequence does not permit you to move
between pages.
UFDL permits you to define pages and items in any order, regardless
of when and where they display. If you define your pages and items
in a random order, the default sequence may result in apparently
random movement.
------
2.4p Including External Files
You can code a #include statement anywhere in a form definition
except imbedded in another statement. You can also nest #include
statements. See the section 'UFDL Form Viewer Directive' in section
6.1 for a syntax of the #include statement.
In the following examples, you can see the #include statement used
in a variety of locations.
// Use the standard defaults for v3.2.0 forms. This include file
// contains the 'version' option statement and the default 'url'
// option statement.
#include "v3form.txt"
page_one = new page
{
// Page one must contain the company logo. This include file
// contains the 'label' and 'data' item definitions.
#include "co_logo.txt"
// The remaining items are specific to this form.
...
}
// The last page is standard for all company forms. Use the
#include "lst_page.txt"
}
------
2.5 UFDL Language Elements
2.5a Identifiers
Identifiers are the names you assign to the following entities:
- page tags
- item tags
- option names
- variable names
- datagroup names
- group names
Universal Forms Description Language [page 39]
The naming conventions for an identifier are as follows:
- It must begin with an alphabetic character.
- It can contain any of the characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, $ and
underscore.
An example of a valid identifier is sql_query.
------
2.5b Custom Item Types and Custom Option Names
These are the names you assign to your own items and options. The naming conventions for a custom name are as follows:
- It must begin with an alphabetic character.
- It can contain any of the characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, $ and underscore.
- It must contain an underscore.
------
2.5c Reserved Words
UFDL reserves the following words for its own use:
- UFDL item, option and variable names
- global
- page
- new
------
2.5d Quoted Strings
The syntax of a quoted string is:
"<character string>"
The minimum length of the string is one (1) byte; the maximum
length is the lesser of two gigabytes (231 - 1 bytes) and the
amount of memory the system will allocate.
Long quoted strings can span multiple lines. To code a multiple
line string, break the string into segments and surround each
segment with quotation marks. A reasonable segment length might be
the maximum line length permitted in your text editor.
The following example shows a multiple line quoted string in an
assignment statement. UFDL treats the segments as contiguous,
ignoring any white space between them.
value = "This example demonstrates the use of quoted strings "
"that span multiple lines.";
Some characters, such as tabs and line delimiters, are invalid in
a quoted string unless you use an escape sequence. All escape
sequences begin with the escape character (\). The following table
shows the escape sequences UFDL recognizes and the characters they
represent.
Escape Character Comments
Sequence
\t tab UFDL interprets this as an imbedded
tab character.
\n line delimiter UFDL interprets this as am imbedded
line delimiter.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 40]
\xnn hexadecimal UFDL interprets 'nn' as a hexadecimal
number number.
\mnn octal number If 'm' is 0,1,2,or 3, UFDL interprets
'mnn' as an octal number
\" double quote UFDL interprets this as an imbedded
double quote mark.
\\ backslash UFDL interprets this as an imbedded
\<any other> <any other> UFDL ignores the escape character.
------
2.5e Binary Data
See 'mimedata' in section 5.27 for the syntax of
the assignment statement.
Images and sounds are examples of binary data. Store binary data in
a form using the mimedata option of a data item. The mimedata
option requires a quoted string as its setting.
To store binary data in this manner, you must first convert it to
base64 format, copy the converted data into the form definition,
and insert the quotation marks. In all likelihood the data will
span several lines. Enclose each line in quotation marks.
Converting binary data to base64 format ensures the string contains
no characters requiring an escape sequence.
------
2.5f Comments
Comments must occur at the end of the line or on a line by
themselves. UFDL supports two comment formats:
// comment - the comment ends at the end of the line
/* comment */ - these comments can span several lines
------
2.6 Security
Version 4.0 and higher of UFDL supports digital signatures, for
secure, tamper-proof documents. Digital signatures are incorporated
into the description of the form, and allow the developer to
specify that a user may sign the entire form or parts of the form.
In addition, multiple users may sign a form.
Design Goals Behind Digital Signatures in UFDL
Standards Based Security: Due to the sensitive nature of the issues
surrounding data security and integrity, all digital signature
technologies used in UFDL must be based on commonly accepted
industry standards.
Vendor Independence: Any API used must have the ability to be
seamlessly replaced with another, should the situation warrant it.
Optional Implementation: The act of digitally signing a UFDL form
Universal Forms Description Language [page 41]
should not alter it in any way that prevents it from being opened
by a viewer that does not support the digital signature technology.
Partial Content Protection: Forms must be able to be signed both in
whole and in part to allow for sections to be approved by different
signing authorities.
Incremental Protection: Forms or form sections must be able to be
signed several times to allow for layered or incremental
authorization.
How Digital Signatures Work in UFDL
User-level digital signature functionality is accessible through
one or more signature buttons, which the form developer must place
in the form. Typically, a signature button that is associated with
a valid digital signature will display the signer's identity. A
signature button associated with an invalid signature will display
the word Invalid. Finally, a signature button that is not
associated with a signature will appear to be empty. The form
developer can override this basic behavior.
Subject to some constraints specified by the form, a user can
access the following digital signature functionality: verify the
digital signatures present in the form, view the signatures in a
form, digitally sign all or part of a form, and delete the user's
signature.
Signature Verification: The signatures in a form will be verified
automatically when the form is first displayed. The user will be
warned if any signature verification fails (in addition to the
invalid appearance displayed by any associated signature buttons).
Signature Viewing: By pressing a signature button on the form,
the user will be able to call upon a Signature Viewer dialog box
to present the signature associated with the button. The dialog
will include four buttons: OK, Sign, Delete, and Advanced.
The default button is OK, so the user can hit the Enter key at any
time to release the Signature Viewer dialog. If there is no
signature associated with the signature button, then the Delete and
Advanced buttons will be inactive, and text field will be empty.
The Sign button will be active, and it will receive the focus when
the Signature Viewer dialog is first displayed so that the user can
simply hit the space bar to sign the form. If there is a signature
associated with the signature button, then the Sign button will be
inactive, the Delete button may or may not be active, and the
Advanced button will be active. The Advanced button will also
receive the focus so that the user can hit space to view the
advanced information regarding the signature.
The dialog will also use labels to display the signature status
(No Signature, Signature Is Valid, Signature Is Invalid), the
signer's identity (e.g., John Doe Manager, jdoe@company.com), the
identity of the cryptographic service provider used to generate and
verify the signature (e.g., Microsoft Base Cryptographic Provider
Universal Forms Description Language [page 42]
v.1.0), and the hash algorithm used (sha1 or md5).
Finally, the dialog will provide a readonly text field labeled
Certificate Chain that will contain a textual description of the
chain of certificate issuance for the signer. If there is no
signature, then all elements will be empty except the signature
status. If there is a signature, and the user presses the Advanced
button, then a second dialog box will appear, containing a readonly
text field and an OK button. The OK button will release the
advanced dialog if pushed, and the text field will contain a UFDL
text representation showing what the user signed.
Digital Signature: If the user presses the Sign button, then the
viewer will first obtain the digital signature key of the user. If
the user has more than one digital signature identity, then a
dialog will be presented allowing the user to select the desired
identity. The signature will then be created in accordance with the
specifications of the signature button, and the signature
demographics will be placed into the labels and fields of the
Signature Viewer dialog. The Sign button will be grayed out, and
the Delete and Advanced buttons will be activated. The Advanced
button will receive the focus. Thus, the user may then press the
space bar to view the new signature's advanced information (or
Enter to release the signature dialog via the default OK button).
Deleting a Signature: If a valid signature is associated with the
signature button, and it belongs to the current user, and the
deletion of the signature will not corrupt other signatures on the
form, then the Delete button will be activated. The user is not
permitted to delete an invalid signature (even if it claims to
have the user's identity because it may be lying). If the user
presses this button, then the Signature Demographics field will be
emptied, the Delete and Advanced buttons will be deactivated, and
the Sign button will be activated and focused. Thus, the user can
hit Enter to release the Signature Viewer dialog box via the OK
button, or space to sign the form. Typically, the user will delete
a signature, release the dialog, make some changes to the form,
then reinstantiate the dialog to sign the changed form.
Freezing Option References, Calculations, and Other Formulas
Once an option has been digitally signed, it maintains the signed
literal value and will not change, even if the option setting is a
formula (for example, value=field1.value).
The literal value is stored in a start value element of the option
name, which is represented by an open angle bracket with the value
in quotation marks and a close angle bracket on the left-hand side
of the equal sign, like this:
value<"Jane E. Smith"> = page1.nameField.value;
The viewer sets this literal value when a form is signed,
submitted, or saved (and discards any old value if necessary).
Because a digitally signed formula never fires after being signed,
the start value for the option is always the same-and therefore it
Universal Forms Description Language [page 43]
is possible to reference the option and get the signed literal
value.
Non-Compliance
In accordance with the design criterion of optional implementation,
viewers that don't support digital signature should, for the most
part, ignore the digital signature enhancements in a form. Viewers
that support any UFDL versions prior to v.4.0 not be able to parse
v.4.0 forms, because of the inclusion of the start value syntax
starting in v.4.0 (see "Freezing Option References, Calculations,
and Other Formulas" above). However, if a UFDL viewer v.4.0 or
higher does not have digital signature capability, then the viewer
should not attempt to verify the signatures. Further, if a button
of type signature is pressed, the user should be informed that the
digital signature feature is not supported.
If a digital signature fails because the signer's certificate is
out of date, the viewer will denote this as a failure even if
everything else checks out. The principal idea behind certificate
expiry is that keys involved in a signature cannot be trusted
beyond the expiry date.
Setting Up a Digital Signature Button
To allow a form user to digitally sign a form, the form developer
must create a digital signature button, according to the language
specs outlined in the UFDL button item description.
When the user signs the form, the user's digital signature is
stored in a signature item (consisting of the signer
identification, the encoded UFDL representation of what is being
signed, and the filters applied). The developer does not create a
signature item; rather, it is automatically created by the viewer
or other form application when the user signs the form.
Once a form or a portion of a form has been signed, it cannot be
altered. If it becomes altered, the signature will break, and all
users will be notified of the broken signature. In addition, some
applications may refuse to process a form containing a broken
signature.
Example Signature Button and Signature Descriptions
empSigButton = new button
{
type = "signature";
value = signer;
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
signformat = "application/uwi_form;csp=\"Microsoft Base
Cryptographic Provider v1.0\";csptype=rsa_full;hashalg=sha1";
signoptions = ["omit", "triggeritem", "coordinates"];
signitemrefs = ["omit", "PAGE1.mgrSigButton",
"PAGE1.admSigButton",
"PAGE1.empSignature",
signature = "empSignature";
}
...
empSignature = new signature
{
signformat = "application/uwi_form;csp=\"Microsoft Base
Cryptographic Provider v1.0\";csptype=rsa_full;hashalg=sha1";
signer = "Jane D Smith, jsmith@insurance.com";
signature = "PAGE1.empSignature";
signitemrefs = ["omit", "PAGE1.mgrSigButton",
"PAGE1.admSigButton",
"PAGE1.empSignature",
"PAGE1.mgrSignature",
"PAGE1.admSignature"];
signoptions = ["omit", "triggeritem", "coordinates"];
mimedata = "MIIFMgYJKoZIhvcNAQcCoIIFIzCCBR8CAQExDzANBgkg"
"AQUFADALB\ngkqhkiG9w0BBwGgggQZMCA36gAwSRiADjdhfHJl"
"6hMrc5DySSP+X5j\nANfBGSOI\n9w0BAQQdWaYDVQQHEwhJbn"
"Rlcm5ldDEXMBUGA1UEChM\nOVmVyaVNpZ24sIEluYy4xNDAKn"
"1ZlcmlTaWduIENsYXNzIDEgQ0Eg\nLSJbmRdWFsIFN1YnNjcmliy"
"ZXIwHhcNOTgwMTI3MwMDAwOTgwM\M1OTU5WjCCARExETA";
}
For more information, see the button and signature item
descriptions.
------
2.7 Filters
UFDL supplies options for filtering transmissions and digital
signatures. The filters allow the form developer to specify the
items and options that should be included in or omitted from a
transmission or a signed portion of the form.
For transmissions, filtering is a useful way to reduce file size.
While compression reduces file size significantly, filters can be
used to further optimize a transmission, by sending only the
required data. Obviously, filtering needs to be done with care, as
it is possible to destroy the layout or the original context of a
form if it is applied without caution.
For information on compression, see the transmitformat option
description.
For signatures, filtering is the method to use to allow portions of
forms to be signed. For example, if you created a form that
contained two sections, one for an employee to fill out and sign,
and one for an administrative officer to fill out and sign, you
would use filters in each signature button to specify which portion
of a form each signature applied to. For more details, see the
button item description.
The filters for transmission are: transmitdatagroups,
transmitgroups, transmititems, transmititemrefs, transmitoptions,
and transmitoptionrefs.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 45]
The filters for digital signatures are: signdatagroups, signgroups,
signitems, signitemrefs, signoptions, and signoptionrefs.
For example:
submitButton = new button
{
type = "done";
value = "Submit";
url = ["http://www.server.dmn/cgi-bin/warehouse.exe"];
transmititems = ["omit", "data"];
transmitdatagroups = ["keep", "enclosures", "related"];
transmititemrefs = ["omit", "page1.toolbar"];
transmitoptions = ["omit", "bgcolor", "fontcolor"];
}
employeeSignatureButton = new button
{
type = "signature";
value = "Sign This Section";
signature = "empSignature";
signitemrefs = ["keep", "page1.nameField", "page1.nameLabel",
"page1.dateField", "page1.dateLabel",
"page1.evaluationField",
"page1.evaluationLabel"];
}
For details on each filter, see the option descriptions later in
this document.
Order of Precedence of Filters
Within each family of filters, there are item filters and option
filters. In addition, there are item type filters, which filter an
entire type of items (all fields, for example), and item instance
filters (which filter specific instances of items). The same filter
levels exist for option filters.
The settings in filters are applied by a UFDL parser in the
following manner:
Filter Behavior Notes
If keep flag If omit flag
is used is used
1.Filter types Keeps only those Omits only those
of items, based types referred to; types referred
on transmititems throws others out, to; throws them
/ signitems including their out including
setting options their options
2.Filter groups Keeps those Omits those
of items based on items whose tags items whose
transmitdatagroups are specified, tags are specified,
and even if the even if the items
transmitgroups, items are of a are of a type
Universal Forms Description Language [page 46]
or signdatagroups type that should that should be kept
and signgroups not be kept according to a
settings according to a transmititems or
transmititems or signitems setting
signitems setting
3.Filter specific Keeps the items Omits the items This option's
items based on whose tags are whose tags are settings
transmititemrefs specified; specified; override those
or signitemrefs overrides overrides the in transmititems,
settings previous setting previous transmitgroups,
if necessary settings if and
necessary transmitdatagroups
or signitems,
signgroups and
signdatagroups
4.Filter types of In the items In the items
options based on that remain, that remain,
transmitoptions keeps all omits all
and signoptions option types option types
setting referred to; referred to
throws others
out
5.Filter specific Regardless of Regardless of This option's
options based on all other all other settings override
transmitoptionrefs settings above, settings above,all other
and signoptionrefs keeps the omits the filters
setting specific option specific (transmititems,
instances option transmitdatagrou
referred to; instances ps,
does not keep referred to transmitgroups,
any other options; transmititemrefs,
in the case of transmitoptions
items that will or signitems,
be omitted signdatagroups,
exept for a signgroups,
single option, signitemrefs,
the description signoptions)
will look like
this:
itemTag = new item
{
option = setting;
}
Example
This example uses the transmit-family of options. The order of
precedence would be the same for the sign-family of options.
version = "4.0.0";
page1 = new page
{
Universal Forms Description Language [page 47]
submitButton = new button
{
value = "Filter Submission";
type = "done";
url = ["http://www.server.dmn/cgi-bin/processForm"];
transmititems = ["omit", "data"];
transmitdatagroups = ["keep", "enclosures", "related"];
transmititemrefs = ["omit", "page1.data2"];
transmitoptions = ["omit" "filename"];
}
encloseButton = new button
{
image = "encloseImageData";
type = "enclose";
datagroup = ["enclosures", "related"];
}
data1 = new data
{
datagroup = ["enclosures"];
filename = "jobdescr.frm";
mimedata = "dfksdfsdfhsdhskdljhf";
}
data2 = new data
{
datagroup = ["related"];
filename = "resume.doc";
mimedata = "dfhsjdfsjhfjs";
}
encloseImageData = new data
{
filename = "c:\images\enclose.jpg";
mimedata = "aswWWW8MjfbyhsUE&LKKELFir8dfd";
"UUUmnskshie3mkjkkeiIIUIUOlfRlgdsoepgejgjj";
"1sd\35fnnII\fjkess9Wfgjgkggkll\\rgakkk2klgjgkg";
}
}
As a result of the filtering, the following would happen (see
result form description below):
- The encloseImageData data item would be stripped from the form,
as a result of the transmititems setting.
- The data1 data item would remain in the form, as a result of the
transmitdatagroups setting.
- The data2 data item would be stripped from the form, as a result
of the transmititemrefs setting.
- The filename option would be stripped from data1, as a result of
the transmitoptions setting.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 48]
The form description that would be received once filtering was
applied would look like this:
version = "4.0.0";
page1 = new page
{
submitButton = new button
{
value = "Filter Submission";
type = "done";
url = ["http://www.server.dmn/cgi-bin/processForm"];
transmititems = ["omit", "data"];
transmitdatagroups = ["keep", "enclosures", "related"];
transmititemrefs = ["omit", "page1.data2"];
transmitoptions = ["omit" "filename"];
}
encloseButton = new button
{
image = "encloseImageData";
type = "enclose";
datagroup = ["enclosures", "related"];
}
data1 = new data
{
datagroup = ["enclosures"];
mimedata = "dfksdfsdfhsdhskdljhf";
}
}
------
2.8 Processing Forms
Once a user saves or submits a form, it becomes a form instance.
In the course of a form instance's life cycle, it may be viewed by
various users at various client sites. Also, several form
processing applications may handle the form. To ensure consistency
and integrity of the form's appearance and contents, there are some
important form processing rules in UFDL.
------
UFDL offers two types of include statements:
- #include - Includes a file from the local drive in the form
description, and, if the file does not exist, flags the error.
- #optinclude - Includes a file from the local drive if the file
exists and, if the file does not exist, ignores it gracefully.
The rules governing handling of #include statements state:
Universal Forms Description Language [page 49]
- All #include and #optinclude statements are resolved when the
form appears. The only exception occurs when the referenced file
cannot be found. In this instance, the #include or #optinclude
statement remains in the form.
- When a #include or #optinclude statement is resolved, the
#include or #optinclude statement definition is permanently
deleted from the form instance.
These rules combine to ensure that the definition of a particular
form instance remains constant from first to last viewing, and that
no user data disappears.
------
2.8b Expressions
The rule governing handling of expressions in value options states:
- Expressions are overwritten if the item is modifiable and the
user updates the value displayed, or if the form submission
format is HTML.
This rule ensures that forms submitted in UFDL format continue to
work as originally designed even after processing.
------
3. UFDL Global and Page Settings
At the top of each form and each page, a form developer can specify
options that apply to the whole form or the particular page. These
are called global settings and page settings.
The syntax of global settings is as follows:
version = <version_number>;
<option definition2>
...
<option definitionn>
Notes:
i) The version option is mandatory. It must be the first line in
the form.
ii)All options other than version are optional.
iii)Global settings must appear before the first page declaration.
iv)A page setting can override a form global option for the
particular page.
The syntax of page settings is as follows:
<page tag> = new page
{
<option definition1>
...
<option definitionn>
Notes:
i) Page settings are optional.
ii)Page settings must appear before the first item definition in
the page.
iii)A page will assume the characteristics specified in the global
Universal Forms Description Language [page 50]
settings unless they are overridden by settings of the same
type in the page settings.
iv)Options within item declarations override page settings for the
particular item they appear in.
The following pages outline which options can be used as global
settings and which options can be used as page settings.
------
3.1 Global Settings
Global settings specify particular settings for the form and
determine its physical characteristics. For example, the version
option defines which version of UFDL the form was written in. The
bgcolor option determines the background color of all pages in the
form. Global settings appear at the top of a form and apply to the
whole form. Options defined within a page or item can override
global settings for that particular page or item.
Available Options
Option Behavior
activated Whether the form is displayed or
not. Default: off
bgcolor Background color of form.
Default: 255, 255, 255 (white)
bordercolor Border color of items in form.
Default: 0, 0, 0 (black)
borderwid Border width of items in form.
Default: Depends on item
focused Whether the form has the input focus
(generally, if it's open, it does).
Default: off
fontcolor Color of all value text in form. Does not
apply to the text of label options.
Default: black
fontinfo Style of all value text in form. Does not
apply to the text of label options.
label Text that appears in title bar of form.
Default: n/a
next Item the focus appears on when form opens.
Default: First input item in form description
saveformat Format in which the form is saved.
Default: uncompressed UFDL
transmitformat Format in which the form is transmitted.
Default: uncompressed UFDL
Universal Forms Description Language [page 51]
triggeritem Item tag of item that triggered a submit
or done action. Default: n/a
version Version of UFDL used to make the form.
Default: n/a
Usage Notes
1) Define global settings at the top of the form, before the first
page declaration.
2) The version option is mandatory and must be the first line in
the form.
3) You can give the form a title that appears in the title bar by
setting a global label option.
4) To specify a title to appear in the form's title bar, use the
label option as a global setting.
Example
This example defines settings and characteristics for the form.
version = "3.2.0";
saveformat = "application/uwi_form; content-encoding=\"gzip\" ";
label = "Time Sheet";
bgcolor = ["ivory"];
fontinfo = ["Helvetica", "10", "plain"];
These global settings specify that:
- The form is written in version 3.2.0 of UFDL.
- All saves activated from the form should save the form as a
compressed UFDL form, unless specified otherwise in an item
that initiates a save.
- The title Time Sheet should appear in the title bar of all
pages, unless specified otherwise in a page global.
- All pages, toolbars, boxes, labels, and tablets should have
an ivory background, unless they contain an option specifying
otherwise.
- All pages and items should use a plain, Helvetica, 10-point
font, unless they contain an option specifying otherwise.
(Note: Labels that are parts of other items, like fields,
are excluded from the fontinfo option. They are set using the
labelfontinfo option.)
------
3.2 Page Settings
Page settings specify settings (like next and saveformat) and
characteristics (like bgcolor) for the page they appear on. Page
settings appear at the top of each page definition, and apply to
the whole page. They can be overridden by option settings within
items.
Available Options
Universal Forms Description Language [page 52]
Option Behavior
activated Whether the page is being displayed or not.
Default: off
bgcolor Background color of page.
Default: 255, 255, 255 (white)
bordercolor Border color of items in page.
Default: 0, 0, 0 (black)
borderwidth Border width of items in page.
Default: Depends on item
fontcolor Color of all value text in page.
Does not apply to the text of label options.
Default: black
focused Whether the page has the input focus.
(Generally, if it's open, it does).
Default: off
fontinfo Style of all value text in page. Does not
apply to the text of label options.
Default: Helvetica, 8, plain
label Text that appears in title bar of page.
Default: n/a
mouseover Whether the mouse pointer is over the page.
next Item the focus appears on when page opens.
Default: First input item in form description
saveformat Format in which the page is saved.
Default: uncompressed UFDL
transmitformat Format in which the page is transmitted.
Default: uncompressed UFDL
Usage Notes
1) Define page settings at the top of a page, after the opening
brace and before the first item declaration.
2) Page settings apply only to the page they are on.
3) Page settings are optional.
4) To specify a title to appear in the page's title bar, use the
label option as a page setting.
Example
The following example shows page global options on two pages
within a single form.
...
Universal Forms Description Language [page 53]
page_1 = new page
{
bgcolor = ["seashell"];
next = "Name_field";
<item declaration>
...
}
page_2 = new page
{
fontinfo = ["Helvetica", "14", "plain"];
next = "Activity_popup";
<item declaration>
...
Page one would have a seashell-colored background, and would direct
the focus to the item called Name_field as soon as it opened. It
would assume the rest of its settings from the form's global
settings. (If no form global settings exist, the page will assume
the UFDL defaults.)
On page two, the font would appear as plain, Helvetica, 14-point
type and the focus would be directed to the item called
Activity_popup as soon as the page opened. Page two would assume
the rest of its settings from the page global options and UFDL
defaults.
------
4. UFDL Form Items
Items are the basic elements of a page. The syntax of an item
definition is as follows:
<item tag> = new <item type>
{
<option definition1>
...
<option definitionn>
}
Notes:
i) The braces are mandatory.
ii) An item definition must begin on a new line.
iii) Option definitions are optional.
iv) You cannot assign values to options in other item definitions.
Tip: UFDL is case sensitive. All item type
names are lowercase.
The item tag uniquely identifies an item instance. No two item tags
on a page can be the same. Item type is a name that identifies the
type of item. This section contains information about UFDL-defined
item types and the options available for each.
Note: Defining an option more than once in an item's definition may
cause unpredictable behavior.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 54]
See the section 'Item Definition' in section 2.4d for more
information on the syntax and rules regarding an item definition.
------
4.1 action
The action item allows you to specify form-initiated actions that
execute automatically. The actions can be any of the following
types:
- link
- submit
- done
- display
- print
- cancel
See the type option section for a description of each of these
actions.
You can define action items that occur only once or repeat at
specified time intervals. You can also define actions that occur
after the page opens but before the page appears. See the section
on the delay option for information on timing options.
Action items can trigger either background actions or actions
involving user interaction. In fact, if the form contains only
hidden items such as action items, then the whole form operates in
the background. Such forms are called daemon forms.
Available Options
Option Behavior
activated Specifies whether item is currently activated.
Default: off
active Specifies whether item is active or inactive.
Default: on
data Specifies a single data item associated with
an action of type display. Default: n/a
datagroup Identifies group or folder of enclosed files.
Default: n/a
delay Delays execution of automatic action or
specifies automatic action repeat factor.
Default: repeat factor of once, interval of
zero seconds
transmitdatagroups Lists which datagroups of items should be kept
or omitted from a transmission.
Default: see "Order of Precedence of Filters"
transmitformat Specifies format of form data transmitted to
form processing application. Default:
uncompressed UFDL (application/uwi_form)
Universal Forms Description Language [page 55]
transmitgroups Lists which groups of items should be kept
or omitted from a transmission. Default:
see "Order of Precedence of Filters"
transmititemrefs Lists which specific items should be kept
or omitted from a transmission. Default:
see "Order of Precedence of Filters"
transmititems Lists types of items to include in or omit
from form data submitted to form processing
application. Default: see "Order of Precedence
of Filters"
transmitoptionrefs Lists which specific options should be kept
or omitted from form data submitted to form
processing application. Default:
see "Order of Precedence of Filters"
transmitoptions Lists which types of options to include in
or omit from form data submitted to form
processing application. Default:
see "Order of Precedence of Filters"
type Associates task type with item that can trigger
a task: action, button, or cell. Default:link
url Identifies an object to access, for items with
type option setting of link, replace, submit,
done, or pagedone. Default: n/a
Usage Notes
1) Repeating automatic actions is one method of creating a
sparse-stated connection. It allows the form to indicate
periodically to a server application that it is still running.
Use the delay option to specify repetition.
2) Actions, by the form definition rules, reside on a page;
therefore, actions occur only when the page is open, and
repeating actions stop when a the page closes. Actions defined
to occur before the page displays, occur each time the page
opens.
Examples
Example 1
The following action will send a status message to the server. The
transaction happens automatically every 10 minutes (600 seconds).
sendStatus_action = new action
{
delay = ["repeat", "600"];
type = "submit";
url = ["http://www.server.com/cgi-bin/recv_status"];
}
Universal Forms Description Language [page 56]
Example 2
This action will link to a search form as soon as the current page
displays.
grabSearch_action = new action
{
type = "link";
url = ["http://www.server.com/application/ index/search.frm"];
}
Example 3
Background actions can also cancel forms, or prompt the user to
save a form. Here is an example:
// Automatically prompt the user to save the form after 5 minutes
autoSave_action = new action
{
delay = ["once", "300"];
type = "save";
}
//
// Automatically close the form after 10 minutes
autoCancel_action = new action
{
delay = ["once", "600"];
type = "cancel";
}
------
4.2 box
Sample 1: Box
The box item creates a square box on the form. You may not place
other items in the box; however, you may place other items on top
of it. The purpose of box items is simply to add visual variety to
the form.
Available Options
Option Behavior
bgcolor Defines background color of box.
Default: page background color
bordercolor Defines color of border around box.
Default: black
borderwidth Defines width of box's border in pixels.
Default: zero pixels
fontinfo Defines font name, point size, and font
characteristics for text portion of box.
Defaults: Helvetica, 8, plain
Universal Forms Description Language [page 57]
itemlocation Specifies location of box in page layout.
Default: in body of page, under previous item
in page definition, aligned along page's left
margin
size Specifies box's size in characters.
Default: width 1 character, height 1 character
Usage Notes
1) To make the box more visible, assign a background color that
differs from the page background color (the default).
2) When setting the size option of a box, the height and width of
the box will be based on the average character size for the font
in use (set with the fontinfo option).
Example
The following example shows a typical box description. The box is
25 characters wide and 4 characters high. Notice the background
color setting.
blue_box = new box
{
bgcolor = ["blue"];
size = ["25", "4"];
}
------
4.3 button
Sample 2: Button
The button item provides a click button to perform an action when
selected. For example, you can use buttons to request data from a
web server, submit or cancel the form, sign the form, save it to
disk, or enclose external files.
Available Options
Option Behavior
activated Specifies whether the button is currently
activated by user. Default: off
active Specifies whether button is active or
inactive. Default: on
bgcolor Defines background color of button.
Default: gray
bordercolor Defines width of button's border in pixels.
Default: zero pixels
borderwidth Defines font name, point size, and font
characteristics for text portion of button.
Defaults: Helvetica, 8, plain
Universal Forms Description Language [page 58]
coordinates Records position of mouse pointer on an image
which must exist in a button. Default: n/a
data Specifies a single data item associated with
a button of type enclose, display, extract,
or remove. Default: n/a
datagroup Identifies group or folder of enclosed files.
Default: n/a
focused Specifies whether button has input focus.
Default: off
fontcolor Defines font color for text or filler portion
of button. Default: black
fontinfo Defines font name, point size, and font
characteristics for text portion of button.
Default: Helvetica, 8, plain
format Defines whether a button is mandatory or
optional, for use with signature buttons.
Default: optional (see also format option
description)
help Points to help message for button.
Default: n/a
image Associates an image with button.
Default: n/a
itemlocation Specifies location of button in page layout.
Default: in body of page, under previous item
in page definition, aligned along page's
left margin.
justify Aligns lines of text within space button
occupies. Default: center
mouseover Specifies whether mouse pointer is over
button. Default: off
next Identifies item to receive focus when user
tabs ahead from current item. Default: depends
on order in which page and item definitions
occur within form definition
signature Establishes UFDL item name by which a digital
signature is identified. Default: n/a
signdatagroups Specifies which datagroups are to be filtered
for digital signature. Default: see "Order of
Precedence of Filters"
signer Adds user's common name and email address as
Universal Forms Description Language [page 59]
they appear in user's personal certificate,
identifying who signed the form. Default: n/a
signformat Controls what system parameters are used to
create the signature. Default:
application/uwi_form
signgroups Specifies which groups of items are to be
filtered for digital signature. Default: see
"Order of Precedence of Filters"
signitemrefs Specifies which individual items are to be
filtered for digital signature. Default: see
"Order of Precedence of Filters"
signitems Specifies which types of items are to be
filtered for digital signature. Default: see
"Order of Precedence of Filters"
signoptionrefs Specifies which individual options are to be
filtered for digital signature. Default: see
"Order of Precedence of Filters"
Universal Forms Description Language [page 30]
signoptions Specifies which types of options are to be
filtered for digital signature. Default: see
"Order of Precedence of Filters"
size Specifies button's size in characters.
Default: width of label, height of label
transmitdatagroups Lists which datagroups of items should be kept
or omitted from a transmission. Default: see
"Order of Precedence of Filters"
transmitformat Specifies format of form data transmitted to
form processing application.
Default: uncompressed UFDL
transmitgroups Lists which groups of items should be kept or
omitted from a transmission. Default: see
"Order of Precedence of Filters"
transmititemrefs Lists which specific items should be kept or
omitted from a transmission. Default: see
"Order of Precedence of Filters"
transmititems Lists types of items to include in or omit from
form data submitted to form processing
application. Default: see "Order of Precedence
of Filters"
transmitoptionrefs Lists which specific options should be kept or
omitted from form data submitted to form
processing application. Default: see "Order of
Precedence of Filters"
Universal Forms Description Language [page 60]
transmitoptions Lists which types of options to include in or
omit from form data submitted to form
processing application. Default: see "Order of
Precedence of Filters"
type Associates task type with item that can trigger
a task: action, button, or cell. Default:link
url Identifies an object to access, for items with
type option setting of link, replace, submit,
done, or pagedone. Default: n/a
value Contains text of button's label. Default: n/a
Usage Notes
1) The button's label is defined by the value option. If no value
option exists, the default label is blank.
2) When setting the size option of a button, the height and width
of the button will be based on the average character size for
the font in use (set with the fontinfo option).
3) If a button's image option points to a data item that
dynamically changes its mimedata (but not its item tag), then
the button will upate the image it displays. For information on
how to update an image by enclosing a new one, see the data
option description.
4) The format option is available in buttons so that you can force
users to sign forms before submitting them. You do this by
making a signature button mandatory, like this:
empSignatureButton = new button
{
type = "signature";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = signer;
signer="";
signature = "empSignature";
signoptions = ["omit", "triggeritem", "coordinates"];
signitemrefs = ["omit", "page1.empSignatureButton",
"page1.empSignature"];
}
There are two steps to making a signature button mandatory:
- Assign a format of ["string", "mandatory"].
- Set the button's value to equal the button's signer option
setting.
By setting the format to mandatory, you specify that the button
must have a value setting that is not empty before the user submits
the form. By then equating the value to the setting of the signer
Universal Forms Description Language [page 61]
option, you make sure that the only way a button's value is set is
if somebody uses it to sign the form. (The signer option stores the
identity of the person who signed the form using the button.)
Behavior of Buttons in Digital Signatures
1) A digital signature button is the means by which the user can
digitally sign a form. To make a button a signature button,
set its type to signature.
2) You can set up a signature button to sign the whole form or just
part of it. You do this by setting up filters on the signature,
using the signdatagroups, signgroups, signitemrefs, signitems,
signoptionrefs, and signoptions options. To learn about
filtering, see "Filters"in section 2.7.
Important:You should always at a minimum filter out the
triggeritem and coordinates options. These options change
when a submission is triggered or when a user clicks an
image button, respectively. You should also consider
filtering out any parts of the form that a subsequent
user will change, including subsequent signatures and
signature buttons; and custom options that might change
(like odbc_rowcount).
3) Signature buttons allow users to do the following:
- Sign the form or portion of the form the button specifies.
- Delete their signatures (a signature can be deleted only by
the user whose signature it is, and if the signature is
currently valid and not signed by some other signature).
- View the signature and view the UFDL text of what the
signature applies to.
4) All option references, calculations, and other formulas in any
signed portion of a form are frozen once they have been signed.
Their setting will be valued at the setting they contained at
the moment when the signature was created. If the user deletes
the digital signature, however, then the formulas will become
unfrozen, and will change dynamically as normal.
5) The usual options for other buttons (i.e. size, image, value)
can also be used with signature buttons.
Examples
Example 1 - Link button
This button links the form to a server (www.server.com) and
getHelp_button = new button
{
value = "Get Help";
type = "link";
Universal Forms Description Language [page 62]
url = ["http://www.server.com/application/help/formHelp.frm"];
}
Example 2 - Submit button
Buttons that trigger form processing requests must have a type
option setting of submit or done. The definition for such a
button might look like this:
submit_button = new button
{
value = "Process Form";
fontinfo = ["Helvetica", "18", "bold", "italic"];
type = "done";
url = ["http://www.server.com/cgi-bin/formProcessor"];
}
Example 3 - Enclosure button
This button encloses an external file in the form. The action to
enclose a file is enclose. The datagroup option identifies the list
of datagroups, or folders, in which the user can store the enclosed
file. An enclose button might take the following form:
enclose_button = new button
{
value = "Enclose File";
fontinfo = ["Helvetica", "18", "bold", "italic"];
type = "enclose";
datagroup = ["Images_Asia", "Images_Eur" , "Images_SAmer"];
}
This button will allow users to enclose files into one of three
datagroups (folders): Images_Asia, Images_Eur, Images_SAmer.
Example 4 - Signature button
This example shows a signature button with the signature item it
creates when signed. The button contains the basic settings you
should use. Its type is designated as signature; it omits
triggeritem and coordinates options throughout to avoid breaking
the signature.
empSigButton = new button
{
type = "signature";
value = signer;
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
signformat = "application/uwi_form;csp=\"Microsoft Base
Cryptographic Provider v1.0\";csptype=rsa_full;hashalg=sha1";
signoptions = ["omit", "triggeritem", "coordinates"];
signitemrefs = ["omit", "PAGE1.mgrSigButton",
"PAGE1.admSigButton", "PAGE1.empSignature",
"PAGE1.mgrSignature", "PAGE1.admSignature"];
signature = "empSignature";
}
...
empSignature = new signature
{
Universal Forms Description Language [page 63]
signformat = "application/uwi_form;csp=\"Microsoft Base
Cryptographic Provider v1.0\";csptype=rsa_full;hashalg=sha1";
signer = "Jane D Smith, jsmith@insurance.com";
signature = "PAGE1.empSignature";
signitemrefs = ["omit", "PAGE1.mgrSigButton",
"PAGE1.admSigButton", "PAGE1.empSignature",
"PAGE1.mgrSignature", "PAGE1.admSignature"];
signoptions = ["omit", "triggeritem", "coordinates"];
mimedata = "MIIFMgYJKoZIhvcNAQcCoIIFIzCCBR8CAQExDzANBgkg"
"AQUFADALB\ngkqhkiG9w0BBwGgggQZMCA36gAwSRiADjdhfHJl"
"6hMrc5DySSP+X5j\nANfBGSOI\n9w0BAQQwDwYDVQQHEwhJbn"
"Rlcm5ldDEXMBUGA1UEChM\nOVmVyaVNpZ24sIEluYy4xNDAKn"
"1ZlcmlTaWduIENsYXNzIDEgQ0Eg\nLSJbmRdWFsIFN1YnNjcmliy"
"ZXIwHhcNOTgwMTI3MwMDAwOTgwM\M1OTU5WjCCARExETA";
}
------
4.4 cell
The cell item populates combobox, list and popup items. A cell
can belong to multiple comboboxes, lists and popups. See the
combobox, list and popup item sections for information on
associating cells with these items.
Cells fall into two categories according to their behavior:
- Action cells
These cells perform the same set of actions normally associated
with buttons. This includes such things as cancelling, saving
and submitting the form.
- Select cells
These cells provide users with a mutually exclusive set of
values from which to choose. When chosen, these cells appear
selected. In a list this means the cell is highlighted in some
way. In a popup, the cell's label becomes the popup's label.
Available Options
Option Behavior
activated Specifies whether cell is currently activated
by user. Default: off
active Specifies whether cell is active or inactive.
Default: on
data Specifies a single data item to associate
with a cell of type enclose, display, extract,
or remove. Default: n/a
datagroup Identifies group or folder of enclosed files.
Default: n/a
group Groups cells together. Default: n/a
Universal Forms Description Language [page 64]
label Specifies external text label for cell.
Default: n/a
transmitdatagroups Lists which datagroups of items should be
kept or omitted from a transmission. Default:
see "Order of Precedence of Filters"
transmitformat Specifies format of form data submitted to
processing application. Default:
uncompressed UFDL
transmitgroups Lists which groups of items should be kept or
omitted from a transmission. Default: see
"Order of Precedence of Filters"
transmititemrefs Lists which specific items should be kept or
omitted from a transmission. Default: see
"Order of Precedence of Filters"
transmititems Lists types of items to include in or omit
from form data submitted to form processing
application. Default: see "Order of Precedence
of Filters"
transmitoptionrefs Lists which specific options should be kept or
omitted from form data submitted to form
processing application. Default: see "Order of
Precedence of Filters"
transmitoptions Lists which options to include in or omit from
form data submitted to form processing
application. Default: see "Order of Precedence
of Filters"
type Associates task type with item that can trigger
a task: action, button, or cell. Default:link
url Identifies an object to access, for items with
type option setting of link, replace, submit,
done, or pagedone. Default: n/a
value Contains identity of most recently selected
cell
Example
The following example shows a list with three cells. To learn how
to get the value of the user's selection, see Usage Notes below.
countryPopup = new popup
{
label = "Country";
group = "country";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
}
albCell = new cell
Universal Forms Description Language [page 65]
{
value = "Albania";
type = "select";
}
algCell = new cell
{
value = "Algeria";
group = "country";
type = "select";
}
banCell = new cell
{
value = "Bangladesh";
group = "country";
type = "select";
}
Usage Notes
1) Use the type option to establish a cell's behavior. Select cells
that have a type of select (the default type).
2) Cells can have both value and label options. These options
affect the form differently depending on whether the cell is
linked to a combobox, a popup, or a list. In general, the label
of the cell will be displayed as a choice, while the value of
the cell will be displayed if that cell is selected. For more
information, refer to the appropriate item type.
3) Cells take their color and font information from the combobox,
list and popup items with which they are associated. In this
way, a cell's appearance can vary according to the list the
user is viewing.
4) To get the value of a cell that a user has selected from a list,
you need to dereference it, like this:
<page_tag>.<list_tag>.value->value
For example:
page1.countryPopup.value->value
When a user selects a cell from a list, the item tag of the cell is
stored as the value of the list. Hence the dereference syntax.
------
4.5 check
Sample 3: Check Box
The check item provides a simple check box to record a selected
or not selected answer from a user. A selected check box appears
filled while a deselected box appears empty.
The exact appearance of the check box is platform dependent; but
the shape is rectangular. The check box appears as a normal check
Universal Forms Description Language [page 66]
box for the users of each platform.
Available Options
Option Behavior
active Specifies whether check box is active or
inactive. Default: on
bgcolor Defines background color of check box.
Default: white
bordercolor Defines color of border around check box.
Default: black
editstate Defines one of three possible edit states
for modifiable items: readonly, writeonly,
or readwrite. Default: readwrite.
focused Specifies whether check box currently has input
focus. Default: off
fontcolor Defines font color for text or filler portion
of button. Default: black
fontinfo Defines font name, point size, and font
characteristics for text portion of button.
Defaults: Helvetica, 8, plain
help Points to help message for button. Default: n/a
itemlocation Specifies location of button in page layout.
Default: in body of page, under previous item
in page definition, aligned along page's
left margin
label Specifies external text label for check box.
Default: n/a
labelbgcolor Defines background color for label specified
in label option. Default: in toolbar,
background color of toolbar; otherwise,
background color of page
labelbordercolor Defines color of border around label specified
in label option. Default: black
labelborderwidth Defines width of border around label specified
in label option, in pixels.
Default: zero pixels
labelfontcolor Defines font color for label specified in label
option. Default: black
labelfontinfo Defines font name, point size, and font
characteristics for label specified in label
option. Default: Helvetica, 8, plain
Universal Forms Description Language [page 67]
mouseover Specifies whether mouse pointer is over item.
Default: off
next Identifies item to receive focus when user
tabs ahead from current item.
Default: depends on order in which page and
item definitions occur within form definition
size Specifies check box's size in characters.
Default: width 1 character, height 1 character
value Indicates user answer's as to whether check box
is checked (on) or not (off). Default: off
Usage Notes
1) The value option setting indicates the user's answer. If the
user selects or checks the check box, the value option contains
on, otherwise it contains off. The default value is off.
2) Check boxes do not belong to groups like radio buttons-each
check box may be turned on or off independently of the others.
3) The label option defines the label for the check box. The label
appears above the check box and aligned with the boxes left
edge. There is no default label.
4) When setting the size option of a check box, the height and
width of the bounding box will be based on the average character
size for the font in use (set with the fontinfo option).
5) The fontcolor option determines the color of the check box fill
pattern (default is red).
Example
This value option setting in this check box is on, so the check
box will appear selected when it displays. The item's label is
Activate Health Plan, and the label will display in a Times 14
Bold font colored blue.
healthPlan_check = new check
{
value = "on";
label = "Activate Health Plan";
labelfontinfo = ["Times", "14", "bold"];
labelfontcolor = ["blue"];
}
------
4.6 combobox
Sample 4: Combobox
Comboboxes act like a hybrid of a field and a popup. Unopened, a
Universal Forms Description Language [page 68]
combobox with a label occupies the same space two labels, and a
combobox without a label occupies the same space as a single label.
After a user chooses a cell, the combobox closes (that is, returns
to its unopened state).
If none of the cells are appropriate, the user can type other
information into the combobox. When information is typed in, it is
stored in the value option of the combobox. When a cell is
selected, the value option stores the value of that cell.
A combobox's label appears above the combobox item.
Available Options
Option Behavior
activated Specifies whether the pop-down list is
currently activated. Default: off
active Specifies whether combobox is active or
inactive. Default: on
bgcolor Defines background color of combobox.
Default: white
bordercolor Defines color of border around combobox.
Default: black
editstate Defines one of three possible edit states for
modifiable items: readonly, writeonly, or
readwrite. Default: readwrite.
focused Specifies whether the combobox currently has
the input focus. Default: off
fontcolor Defines font color for text or filler portion
of combobox. Default: black
fontinfo Defines font name, point size, and font
characteristics for text portion of combobox.
Defaults: Helvetica, 8, plain
format Applies to value of each cell linked to
combobox, flagging or filtering cells that fail
check, and replacing value of cells that pass
with formatted value. Default: format option
group Groups comboboxes together. Default: n/a
help Points to help message for combobox.
Default: n/a
itemlocation Specifies location of combobox in page layout.
Default: in body of page, under previous item
in page definition, aligned along page's
left margin
Universal Forms Description Language [page 69]
label Specifies external text label for combobox.
Default: n/a
labelbgcolor Defines background color for label specified
in label option. Default: in toolbar,
background color of toolbar; otherwise,
background color of page
labelbordercolor Defines color of border around label specified
in label option. Default: black
labelborderwidth Defines width of border around label specified
in label option, in pixels.
Default: zero pixels
labelfontcolor Defines font color for label specified in label
option. Default: black
labelfontinfo Defines font name, point size, and font
characteristics for label specified in label
option. Default: Helvetica, 8, plain
mouseover Specifies whether the mouse pointer is over the
combobox. Default: off
next Identifies item to receive focus when user tabs
ahead from current item. Default: depends on
order in which page and item definitions occur
within form definition
previous Identifies the item to receive the focus when
the user tabs backwards from the current item.
Default: previous item within form definition
size Specifies combobox's size in characters.
Default: width=larger of label width and widest
cell, height=1 character
value Contains one of following: value of most
recently chosen selection, nothing if an action
was most recently chosen, or text entered if
something was typed in most recently
Usage Notes
1) Place cells in a combobox by creating a group for the combobox
and assigning cells to the group. Create a group using the group
option in the combobox definition. Assign cells to the group
using the group option in the cell definition.
2) Cells that have a label option will display that label in the
list. Otherwise, the value of the cell will be displayed. When
a cell is selected, the value of that cell will be displayed in
the combobox and stored internally.
3) To get the value of a cell that a user has selected from a list,
Universal Forms Description Language [page 70]
you need to dereference it, like this:
<page_tag>.<list_tag>.value->value
For example:
page1.countryPopup.value->value
When a user selects a cell from a list, the item tag of the cell
is stored as the value of the list. Hence the dereference syntax.
4) Combobox, popup, and list items with the same group reference
display the same group of cells.
5) When first viewed, a combobox will display its value. If no
value is set, the combobox will be empty.
6) The value option will contain one of the following:
- The value of the most recently chosen selection.
- Nothing if an action was most recently chosen.
- The text entered if something was typed in most recently.
7) When setting the size option of a combobox, the height and width
of the popup will be based on the average character size for
the font in use (set with the fontinfo option).
8) The label option sets the text displayed above the item, as with
a field.
9) When setting the editstate option, the combobox will behave in
the following manner:
- A readwrite setting will cause it to function normally.
- A readonly setting will cause the combobox to refuse all
input, although it will function normally otherwise and
formulas will still be able to change the value.
- A writeonly setting will cause the combobox to use "password"
characters in its field contents, but the list of choices
will still be displayed in plain text.
10) When a format is applied to a combobox, the formatting will be
applied to the value of each cell linked to the combobox.
Those cells that fail the check will be flagged or filtered.
Those cells that pass the check will have their value replaced
with a formatted value. See the format option for more
information.
11) If any two comboboxes, lists, or popups use the same set of
cells, they must apply the same formatting.
Example
This is an example of a combobox containing a set of selections
allowing users to choose a color.
CATEGORY_POPUP = new combobox
{
group = "combo_Group";
label = "Choose a Color:";
}
Universal Forms Description Language [page 71]
Notice the default label is "Choose a Color:". This will display
above the combobox. Until the user types in something or makes a
selection, the field area of the combobox will be blank.
These are the cells that make up the combobox. Notice they are
select cells and they belong to the same group as the combobox:
combo_Group.
RED_CELL = new cell
{
group = "combo_Group";
type = "select";
value = "Red";
}
WHITE_CELL = new cell
{
group = "combo_Group";
type = "select";
value = "White";
}
BLUE_CELL = new cell
{
group = "combo_Group";
type = "select";
value = "Blue";
}
------
4.7 data
The data item stores an information object such as an image, a
sound, or an enclosed file in a UFDL form. Data in data items must
be encoded in base64 format.
Data items are created automatically when you enclose files in a
form. Enclose files using items with a type option setting of
enclose.
Available Options
Option Behavior
datagroup Identifies group or folder of enclosed files.
Default: n/a
filename Identifies name of enclosed file.
Default: n/a
mimedata Contains actual data associated with a data
item. Default: n/a
mimetype Defines MIME type of data stored in a data
item
Usage Notes
1) See the section 'Binary Data' on page 41 for more information on
binary data in UFDL forms.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 72]
2) Store the data in the mimedata option, and the data's MIME type
in the mimetype option.
3) If a button or cell of type enclose contains a data option that
points to a data item (as opposed to using the datagroup
option), then special rules apply to the data item's behavior.
If a user encloses a new data item using that button, the new
information overwrites the old. For example, if the data item
originally contained a jpeg image of a dog, and then a user
enclosed a png image of a house, then the data item's mimedata,
mimetype, and filename options update themselves to contain the
information about the house image.
Example
This is an example of a data item produced as the result of
enclosing a file (the data component used here is artificial, and
is only for demonstration purposes). Notice the quotation marks
surrounding each segment of the data.
Supporting_Documents_1 = new data
{
filename = "smithltr.doc";
mimetype = "application/uwi_bin";
mimedata =
"R0lGODdhYABPAPAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAYABPAAAC/4SPqcvtD02Y"
"Art68+Y7im7ku2KkzXnOzh9v7qNw+k+TbDoLFTvCSPzMrS2YzmTE+p"
"yai3YUk9R6hee2JFP2stju+uG0ptvdeKptb+cX8wfY1jdYU4ehKDi3pdJw"
"44yAJEqcW28cA5M0oEKnqKasZwydrK9Wo6JTtLG9p5iwtWi8Tbi/b7E0"
"rvKixzbHJyrDq2uNggaXUs1NlLi36AW3AGv7VWhIPA7TzvdOGi/vvr0Of"
"ft3Nrx89JewCQJYTirxi2PwgnRpNoMV5FIIboOnqTszFLFIMhQVI0yOz";
}
------
4.8 field
Sample 5: Field
The field item creates a text area where users can display and
enter one or more lines of data. The field's characteristics
determine the number of lines, the width of each line, and whether
the field is scrollable.
Field data can be protected from modification, made to display in
the system password format (typically, hidden from view), and
forced to conform to data type and formatting specifications.
Available Options
Option Behavior
active Specifies whether field is active or inactive.
Default: on
bgcolor Defines background color of field.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 73]
Default: white
bordercolor Defines color of border around field.
Default: black
editstate Defines one of three possible edit
states for modifiable items: readonly,
writeonly, or readwrite. Default: readwrite.
focused Specifies whether the field has the input
focus. Default: off
fontcolor Defines font color for text or filler portion
of field. Default: black
fontinfo Defines font name, point size, and font
characteristics for text portion of field.
Defaults: Helvetica, 8, plain
format Specifies data type of field's data, along with
flags allowing you to specify edit checks and
formatting you want applied to data.
Default: n/a
help Points to help message for field.
Default: n/a
itemlocation Specifies location of field in page layout.
Default: in body of page, under previous item
in page definition, aligned along page's
left margin
justify Aligns lines of text within the space field
occupies. Default: left
label Specifies external text label for field.
Default: n/a
labelbgcolor Defines background color for label specified in
label option. Default: in toolbar, background
color of toolbar; otherwise, background color
of page
labelbordercolor Defines color of border around label specified
in label option. Default: black
labelborderwidth Defines width of border around label specified
in label option, in pixels.
Default: zero pixels
labelfontcolor Defines font color for label specified in label
option. Default: black
labelfontinfo Defines font name, point size, and font
characteristics for label specified in label
option. Default: Helvetica, 8, plain
Universal Forms Description Language [page 74]
mouseover Specifies whether the mouse pointer is over the
field. Default: off
next Identifies item to receive focus when user tabs
ahead from current item. Default: depends on
order in which page and item definitions occur
within form definition
size Specifies field's size in characters. Default:
width 30 characters, height 1 character
value Reflects contents of field-numeric, alphabetic,
or otherwise. Default: n/a
Usage Notes
1) When setting the size option of a field, the height and width of
the field will be based on the average character size for the
font in use (set with the fontinfo option).
2) The editstate option determines whether the field is read only,
write only (for passwords, for example) or available for both
reading and writing.
3) The format option specifies the data type of the field's data.
It also contains flags allowing you to specify edit checks and
formatting you want applied to the data.
4) The label option defines the field's label. The label is
placed above the field and aligned with the field's left edge.
5) The scrollvert and scrollhoriz options govern a field's
scrolling characteristics. They must be set to always to permit
scrolling. With scrolling enabled, scroll bars display along the
bottom (horizontal scrolling) and right (vertical scrolling)
edges of the field.
Examples
Example 1
This is an example of a single line field item that allows 20
characters of input. An initial value of 23000 has been defined
for the field. When the form appears, the field will contain
this value.
income_field = new field
{
label = "Annual income";
value = "23000";
size = ["20", "1"];
fontinfo = ["Courier", "12", "plain"];
labelfontinfo = ["Helvetica", "12", "plain"];
labelfontcolor = ["blue"];
}
Universal Forms Description Language [page 75]
Example 2
To create a multiple line field, the vertical size of the field
must be adjusted (either with size or with itemlocation modifiers).
As well, vertical scroll bars can be added, and word wrapping
turned on. Here is an example:
job_field = new field
{
label = "Job Description";
size = ["50", "5"];
scrollvert = "always";
scrollhoriz = "wordwrap";
fontinfo = ["Times", "12", "plain]";
labelfontinfo = ["Helvetica", "12", "plain"];
labelfontcolor = ["blue"];
}
------
4.9 help
A help item defines a help message you can use to support various
external items in the form. You can create a separate help item
for every item you want to support, or you can use one help item
for several items.
Available Options
Option Behavior
active Specifies whether field is active or inactive.
Default: on
value Reflects help item's contents
Usage Notes
1) The help item's value option contains the help message text.
2) The link between the help item and the supported item is created
by the help option in the supported item's definition. The help
option contains the help item's item reference.
Example
This is an example of a button for which help information is
available.
First, here is the button definition. Notice the help item's item
reference in the help option.
fullPicture_button = new button
{
help = "button_help";
fontinfo = ["Times", "14", "plain"];
Universal Forms Description Language [page 76]
type = "link";
url = ["http://www.server.com/application/fullPic.frm"];
}
Now, here is the help item referred to in the button definition.
The contents of the value option are used as the help message
when the user asks for help with the button.
button_help = new help
{
value = "Pressing this button will bring a full-sized image in
a form "
"down to your viewer.";
}
------
4.10 label
Sample 6: Label
The label item defines a static text message or an image to display
on the form. If both an image and a text message are defined for
the label, the image takes precedence in viewers able to display
images.
Available Options
Option Behavior
active Specifies whether label is active or inactive.
Default: on
bgcolor Defines background color of label.
Default: transparent
bordercolor Defines color of border around label.
Default: black
fontcolor Defines font color for text or filler portion
of label. Default: black
fontinfo Defines font name, point size, and font
characteristics for text portion of label.
Defaults: Helvetica, 8, plain
format Specifies data type of label's data, along
with flags allowing you to specify edit checks
and formatting you want applied to data
help Points to help message for label.
image Defines image for label. Default: n/a
itemlocation Specifies location of label in page layout.
Default: in body of page, under previous item
in page definition, aligned along page's
left margin
Universal Forms Description Language [page 77]
justify Aligns lines of text within space label
occupies
size Specifies label's size in characters. Default:
width 1 character if label empty, otherwise
label width; height 1 character if label empty,
otherwise label height
value Defines text for label. Default: n/a
Usage Notes
1) To define the text for a label, use the value option. To define
an image for a label, use the image option.
2) To create a multiple line text message, add line breaks to the
message text. Use the escape sequence '\n' to indicate a line
break.
3) When setting the size option of a label, the height and width
of the label will be based on the average character size for
the font in use (set with the fontinfo option).
4) If a label's image option points to a data item that dynamically
changes its mimedata (but not its item tag), then the label will
upate the image it displays. For information on how to update an
image by enclosing a new one, see the data option description.
5) The label's background color defaults to being transparent - and
thus the label will take the background color of whatever item
it is over. For example, if you wanted to place a label inside a
colored box, in order to make a title section that stands out,
you could do so without specifying a background color for the
label:
box = new box
{
size = ["30", "3"];
}
label = new label
{
itemlocation = [["alignhorizc2c", "box"],
["alignvertc2c", "box"]];
value = "Great Insurance";
fontcolor = ["white"];
fontinfo = ["Helvetica", "14", "bold"];
// Note: you could also specify bgcolor = ["transparent"], but you
don't
// need to because the default is transparent.
}
Examples
Example 1
This is an example of a text label. The text is centered in the
Universal Forms Description Language [page 78]
space the label occupies. The label width is 30 characters (thus
it is bigger than the text in the label).
MAINMENU_LABEL = new label
{
value = "Welcome to the Main Menu";
fontinfo = ["Helvetica", "24", "bold", "italic"];
size = ["30", "1"];
justify = "center";
}
Example 2
This is an example of a multiple line text label. Notice the line
break escape sequences indicating the end of each line.
// Specify right justification for this label.
RHYME_LABEL = new label
{
value = "Little miss Muffet\n Sat on her tuffet,\n"
"Eating her curds and whey.\n When along came a
spider,\n"
"who sat down beside her,\n and frightened miss
Muffet away!";
fontinfo = ["Times", "16", "italic"];
}
------
4.11 line
Sample 7: Line
The line item draws a simple vertical or horizontal line on the
form. This is useful when you want to visually separate parts of
a page.
Available Options
Option Behavior
fontcolor Defines font color for text or filler portion
of label. Default: black
fontinfo Defines font name, point size, and font
characteristics for text portion of label.
Defaults: Helvetica, 8, plain
itemlocation Specifies location of line in page layout.
Default: in body of page, under previous item
in page definition, aligned along page's
left margin
size Determines whether line is horizontal or
vertical: if horizonal dimension=0 then line is
vertical, if vetical dimension=0 then line is
horizontal; calculated in characters
thickness Determines how thick line will be, in pixels
Universal Forms Description Language [page 79]
Usage Notes
1) Specify the dimensions of a line using the size and thickness
options. The size option determines whether the line is vertical
or horizontal. If the horizontal dimension is set to zero, then
the line is vertical. If the vertical dimension is set to zero,
then the line is horizontal. Size is calculated in characters.
- The thickness option determines how thick the line will be.
Thickness is calculated in pixels.
2) The fontinfo option information is used when calculating the
line's size. The size option's unit of measurement is
characters; therefore, choice of font can affect the size. See
the size option for more information.
3) The fontcolor option defines the color of the line.
Example
This is an example of a horizontal line with a thickness of five
pixels.
BLUE_LINE = new line
{
size = ["40", "0"];
thickness = "5";
}
------
4.12 list
Sample 8: List
The list item creates a list from which users can make selections
(as in a list of names) and trigger actions (such as enclosing
files and submitting the form). A list can contain both selections
and actions.
The entries in the list are cell items. Selections are cells with
a type option setting of select. Actions are cells with any other
type option setting.
Available Options
Option Behavior
active Specifies whether list is active or inactive.
Default: on
bgcolor Defines background color of list.
Default: white
bordercolor Defines color of border around list.
Default: black
editstate Defines one of three possible edit states
for modifiable items: readonly, writeonly,
or readwrite. Default: readwrite.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 80]
focused Specifies whether the list has the input focus.
Default: off
fontcolor Defines font color for text or filler portion
of list. Default: black
fontinfo Defines font name, point size, and font
characteristics for text portion of list.
Defaults: Helvetica, 8, plain
format Applies to value of each cell linked to list,
flagging or filtering cells that fail check,
and replacing value of cells that pass with
formatted value. See format option
help Points to help message for list.
itemlocation Specifies location of list in page layout.
Default: in body of page, under previous item
in page definition, aligned along page's
left margin
label Specifies external text label for list.
Default: n/a
labelbgcolor Defines background color for label specified
in label option. Default: in toolbar,
background color of toolbar; otherwise,
background color of page
labelbordercolor Defines color of border around label specified
in label option. Default: black
labelborderwidth Defines width of border around label specified
in label option, in pixels.
Default: zero pixels
labelfontcolor Defines font color for label specified in label
option. Default: black
labelfontinfo Defines font name, point size, and font
characteristics for label specified in
label option. Default: Helvetica, 8, plain
mouseover Specifies whether the mouse pointer is over the
list. Default: off
next Identifies item to receive focus when user tabs
ahead from current item. Default: depends on
order in which page and item definitions occur
within form definition
size Specifies list's size in characters. Default:
width=larger of label width and widest cell,
height=number of cells in list
value Contains item reference of most recently
selected cell in list (if it was a select
cell); contains nothing if most recently
selected cell was not a select cell
Usage Notes
1) Place cells in a list by creating a group for the list and
assigning cells to the group. Create a group using the group
option in the list definition. Assign cells to the group using
the group option in the cell definition.
2) Cells that have a label option will display that label in the
list. Otherwise, the value option of the cell will be displayed.
3) To get the value of a cell that a user has selected from a list,
you need to dereference it, like this:
<page_tag>.<list_tag>.value->value
For example:
page1.countryPopup.value->value
4) When a user selects a cell from a list, the item tag of the cell
is stored as the value of the list. Hence the dereference
syntax.
5) List, combobox and popup items with the same group reference
display the same group of cells.
6) The value option will contain one of the following:
- The item reference of the most recently chosen cell if the
cell was of type "select".
- Nothing if the cell most recently chosen was of any type
other than "select".
7) Define the list's label using the label option.
8) When setting the size option of a list, the height and width of
the list will be based on the average character size for the
font in use (set with the fontinfo option).
9) A vertical scroll bar will appear beside the list if the number
of cells is greater than the height (defined with the size
option) of the list.
10) When a format is applied to a list, the formatting will be
applied to the value of each cell linked to the list. Those
cells that fail the check will be flagged or filtered. Those
cells that pass the check will have their value replaced with a
formatted value. See the format option for more information.
11) If any two comboboxes, lists, or popups use the same set of
cells, they must apply the same formatting.
Example
This is an example of a list containing three actions: submit form,
Universal Forms Description Language [page 82]
save form, and cancel form.
Here is the list definition.
MAINMENU_LIST = new list
{
group = "list_Group";
label = "Options Menu";
labelfontcolor = ["blue"];
size = ["3", "20"];
}
These are the cells that make up the list. Notice they are action
cells and they belong to the same group as the list: list_Group.
SUBMIT_CELL = new cell
{
group = "list_Group";
type = "submit";
url = ["http://www.server.com/cgi-bin/processForm"];
value = "Submit Form";
}
SAVE_CELL = new cell
{
group = "list_Group";
type = "save";
value = "Save Form";
}
CANCEL_CELL = new cell
{
group = "list_Group";
type = "cancel";
value = "Cancel this Form";
}
------
4.13 popup
Sample 9: Popup Menu
The popup item creates a popup menu from which users can make
selections (as in a list of names) and trigger actions (such as
enclosing files and submitting the form). A popup can contain both
selections and actions.
The entries in the popup are cell items. Selections are cells with
a type option setting of select. Actions are cells with any other
type option setting.
Popups act like a hybrid of a label, a button, and a list.
Unopened, a popup occupies only the space required for its label.
Open, the popup displays a list of selections and actions. After a
user chooses a selection or an action, the popup closes (that is,
returns to its unopened state). A popup's label displays inside the
popup item.
Available Options
Universal Forms Description Language [page 83]
Option Behavior
activated Specifies whether the popup list is
"popped up". Default: off
active Specifies whether popup is active or inactive.
Default: on
bgcolor Defines background color of popup.
Default: white
bordercolor Defines color of border around popup.
Default: black
borderwidth Defines width of popup's border, in pixels.
Default: one pixel
editstate Defines one of three possible edit states for
modifiable items: readonly, writeonly, or
readwrite. Default: readwrite.
focused Specifies whether the popup has the input
focus. Default: off
fontcolor Defines font color for text or filler portion
of popup. Default: black
fontinfo Defines font name, point size, and font
characteristics for text portion of popup.
Defaults: Helvetica, 8, plain
group Groups cells in popup together.
help Points to help message for popup.
itemlocation Specifies location of popup in page layout.
Default: in body of page, under previous item
in page definition, aligned along page's
left margin
justify Aligns lines of text within the space popup
occupies.
label Specifies external text label for popup.
Default: n/a
mouseover Specifies whether the mouse pointer is over the
popup. Default: off
next Identifies item to receive focus when user tabs
ahead from current item. Default: depends on
order in which page and item definitions occur
within form definition
size Specifies popup's size in characters.
Default: width=larger of label width and widest
Universal Forms Description Language [page 84]
cell, height=1 character
value Contains item reference of most recently
selected cell in popup (if it was a select
cell); contains nothing if most recently
selected cell was not a select cell
Usage Notes
1) Place cells in a popup by creating a group for the popup and
assigning cells to the group. Create a group using the group
option in the popup definition. Assign cells to the group using
the group option in the cell definition.
2) Cells that have a label option will display that label in the
list. Otherwise, the value of the cell will be displayed. When
a cell is selected, the value of that cell will be displayed
in the popup.
For example, if cell had a value of "USA", and a label of "United
States of America", the full version would be shown in the popup
list. Once the cell was selected, the popup would display
the abbreviation.
3) To get the value of a cell that a user has selected from a list,
you need to dereference it, like this:
<page_tag>.<list_tag>.value->value
For example:
page1.countryPopup.value->value
When a user selects a cell from a list, the item tag of the cell is
stored as the value of the list. Hence the dereference syntax.
4) Popup, combobox and list items with the same group reference
display the same group of cells.
5) The value option will contain one of the following:
- The item reference of the most recently chosen cell if the
cell was of type "select".
- Nothing if the cell most recently chosen was of any type
other than "select".
6) When setting the size option of a popup, the height and width
of the popup will be based on the average character size for
the font in use (set with the fontinfo option).
7) The label option contains the popup's default label. When the
value option is empty, the default label displays. Otherwise,
the label of the cell identified in the value option appears.
8) When a format is applied to a popup, the formatting will be
applied to the value of each cell linked to the popup. Those
cells that fail the check will be flagged or filtered. Those
cells that pass the check will have their value replaced with
a formatted value. See the format option for more information.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 85]
9) If any two comboboxes, lists, or popups use the same set of
cells, they must apply the same formatting.
Example
This is an example of a popup containing a set of selections
allowing users to choose a category.
Here is the popup definition. Notice the default label is "Choose
a Category:". This will display until a user makes a selection.
Afterwards, the cell's value will display as the label.
CATEGORY_POPUP = new popup
{
group = "popup_Group";
label = "Choose a Category:";
}
These are the cells that make up the popup. Notice they are select
cells and they belong to the same group as the popup: popup_Group.
HISTORY_CELL = new cell
{
group = "popup_Group";
type = "select";
value = "World History";
}
SCIENCE_CELL = new cell
{
group = "popup_Group";
type = "select";
value = "Physical Sciences";
}
MUSIC_CELL = new cell
{
group = "popup_Group";
type = "select";
value = "Music";
}
------
4.14 radio
Sample 10: Radio Buttons
The radio button item is intended for use with one or more other
radio button items. A group of radio buttons presents users with a
set of mutually exclusive choices. Each radio button represents one
choice the user can make.
There is always one selected radio button in the group. As well,
since radio buttons present a mutually exclusive set of choices,
only one radio button in a group can be selected. When a user
chooses a radio button, that radio button becomes selected.
A selected radio button appears filled in some way. All other radio
buttons in the group appear empty.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 86]
Available Options
Option Behavior
active Specifies whether radio button is active or
inactive. Default: on
bgcolor Defines background color of radio button.
Default: white
bordercolor Defines color of border around radio button.
Default: black
borderwidth Defines width of radio button's border, in
pixels. Default: 1 pixel
editstate Defines one of three possible edit states for
modifiable items: readonly, writeonly, or
readwrite. Default: readwrite.
focused Specifies whether the radio button has the
input focus. Default: off
fontcolor Determines color of radio button fill pattern.
Default: red
fontinfo Defines font name, point size, and font
characteristics for text portion of radio
button. Defaults: Helvetica, 8, plain
group Groups radio buttons together.
help Points to help message for radio button.
itemlocation Specifies location of radio button in page
layout. Default: in body of page, under
previous item in page definition, aligned
along page's left margin
label Defines label to appear above radio button and
aligned with left edge.
mouseover Specifies whether the mouse pointer is over the
radio button. Default: off
next Identifies item to receive focus when user tabs
ahead from current item. Default: depends on
order in which page and item definitions occur
within form definition
size Specifies radio button's size in characters.
Default: width 1 character, height 1 character
value Indicates radio button's status: on indicates
chosen, off indicates not chosen.
Default: not chosen
Universal Forms Description Language [page 87]
Usage Notes
1) Group radio buttons by assigning them to the same group. Do this
by including the group option in each radio button's definition,
and using the same group reference in each case.
2) The value option contains the status indicator. It can be either
on or off. The value on indicates a status of chosen. The value
off indicates a status of not chosen. The default status is
not chosen.
3) When the form opens, if no radio button has the status chosen,
then the last radio button defined for the group becomes chosen.
If multiple radio buttons are chosen, then only the last
'chosen' radio button retains that status.
4) The label option defines a label to appear above the radio
button and aligned with its left edge.
5) When setting the size option of a radio button, the height
and width of the bounding box will be based on the average
character size for the font in use (set with the fontinfo
option).
6) The fontcolor option determines the color of the radio button
fill pattern (default is red).
Example
This example shows a group of three radio buttons. The first radio
button is the initial choice: the value option setting is on.
The buttons all belong to the group search_Group.
NAME_RADIO = new radio
{
value = "on";
group = "search_Group";
label = "Search by Name";
}
NUMBER_RADIO = new radio
{
group = "search_Group";
label = "Search by Number";
}
OCCUPATION_RADIO = new radio
{
group = "search_Group";
label = "Search by Occupation";
}
As shown here, only the chosen radio button needs to have a value
option setting. The remaining radio buttons will receive the
(default) value setting of off.
------
4.15 signature
Universal Forms Description Language [page 88]
The signature item contains a digital signature and the data
necessary to verify the authenticity of a signed form. It is
created by a form viewer or other program when a user signs a
form (usually using a digital signature button). The signature
item contains an encrypted hash value that makes it impossible
to modify the form without changing the hash value that the
modified form would generate. To verify, one can generate the hash
value and then see if it matches the one in the signature.
Available Options
Option Behavior
mimedata Contains actual data associated with signature.
Default: n/a
signature Identifies the button that created the
signature. Default: n/a
signdatagroups Identifies group or folder of enclosed files
to be filtered for signature. Default: "Order
of Precedence of Filters"
signer Adds text similar to user's email signature,
identifying who signed form. Default: n/a
signformat Controls what system parameters are used to
create the signature. Default:
application/uwi_form
signgroups Identifies groups of items to be filtered for
signature. Default: "Order of Precedence of
Filters"
signitemrefs Identifies item references to be filtered for
signature. Default: "Order of Precedence of
Filters"
signitems Identifies type of items to be filtered for
signature. Default: "Order of Precedence of
Filters"
signoptionrefs Identifies option references to be filtered for
signature. Default: "Order of Precedence of
Filters"
signoptions Identifies type of options to be filtered for
signature. Default: "Order of Precedence of
Filters"
Usage Notes
1) When a user signs a form using a signature button, the viewer
creates the signature item as specified in the button's
signature option. The viewer also associates the signature with
the signature button, using the signature's signature option.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 89]
2) When a user signs a form, the signer, signformat, signgroups,
signitemrefs, signitems, signoptionrefs, and signoptions options
are copied from the button description to the
signature description.
3) A copy of the UFDL description of the form or portion of the
form that is signed is included in the signature's mimedata
option. This data is encrypted using the hash algorithm
specified in the button's signformat option.
4) When a program checks a signed form, it compares the data in the
mimedata option with that of the portion of the form that is
apparently signed. If the descriptions match, then the
signature remains valid. If the signatures do not match, the
signature breaks, and the user is prompted.
5) An attempt to create a signature will fail if:
- The item named by the signature button's signature option
already exists.
- The signature button is already signed by any signature in the
form.
- The signer's private key is unavailable for signing.
6) Filters allow you to indicate which items and options to keep
and to omit. The explicit and implicit settings of an existing
filter take precedence over an implication that might be drawn
from a non-existing filter. Set up these filters in the
signature button description. For details on the order in which
filters are applied, see "Order of Precedence of Filters"
7) To use digital signatures, it is necessary for the user to
obtain a digital signature certificate.
Example
This example shows a signature item below the signature button
that created it.
empSigButton = new button
{
type = "signature";
value = signer;
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
signformat = "application/uwi_form;csp=\"Microsoft Base
Cryptographic Provider v1.0\";csptype=rsa_full;hashalg=sha1";
signoptions = ["omit", "triggeritem", "coordinates"];
signitemrefs = ["omit", "PAGE1.mgrSigButton",
"PAGE1.admSigButton","PAGE1.empSignature",
"PAGE1.mgrSignature","PAGE1.admSignature"];
signature = "empSignature";
}
...
empSignature = new signature
{
signformat = "application/uwi_form;csp=\"Microsoft Base
Universal Forms Description Language [page 90]
Cryptographic Provider v1.0\";csptype=rsa_full;hashalg=sha1";
signer = "Jane D Smith, jsmith@insurance.com";
signature = "PAGE1.empSignature";
signitemrefs = ["omit", "PAGE1.mgrSigButton",
"PAGE1.admSigButton","PAGE1.empSignature",
"PAGE1.mgrSignature", "PAGE1.admSignature"];
signoptions = ["omit", "triggeritem", "coordinates"];
mimedata ="MIIFMgYJKoZIhvcNAQcCoIIFIzCCBR8CAQExDzANBgkg"
"AQUFADALB\ngkqhkiG9w0BBwGgggQZMCA36gAwSRiADjdhfHJl"
"6hMrc5DySSP+X5j\nANfBGSOI\n9w0BAQQwDwYDVQQHEwhJbn"
"Rlcm5ldDEXMBUGA1UEChM\nOVmVyaVNpZ24sIEluYy4xNDAKn"
"1ZlcmlTaWduIENsYXNzIDEgQ0Eg\nLSJbmRdWFsIFN1YnNjcmliy"
"ZXIwHhcNOTgwMTI3MwMDAwOTgwM\M1OTU5WjCCARExETA";
------
4.16 spacer
The spacer item creates space between items on a form. It can be
any size you specify. It is invisible.
Available Options
Option Behavior
fontinfo Defines font name, point size, and font
characteristics for label of spacer.
Defaults: Helvetica, 8, plain
itemlocation Specifies location of radio button in page
layout. Default: in body of page, under
previous item in page definition, aligned along
page's left margin
label Determines size of spacer, though not visible.
size Specifies spacer's size in characters. Default:
width=1 character if label empty, otherwise
label width, height=1 character if label empty,
otherwise label height
Usage Notes
1) You can size a spacer either by giving it length and width
dimensions (using size), by expanding the default size using the
itemlocation option or by giving it a label. If you use a label,
the spacer equals the size of the text you type into the label.
The label does not appear; it is simply used to determine the
spacer's size.
2) When setting the size option of a spacer, the height and width
of the spacer will be based on the average character size for
the font in use (set with the fontinfo option).
Example
Example 1
Universal Forms Description Language [page 91]
This example shows a spacer item that uses the size option to
define the amount of space it will occupy.
3_SPACER = new spacer
{
size = ["1", "3"];
}
Example 2
This example shows the spacer item that uses a label to define the
amount of space it will occupy. This sizing technique is useful if
you want to create a spacer that is exactly the same size as a real
label on the form.
WELCOME_SPACER = new spacer
{
label = "Welcome to Information Line";
}
------
4.17 tablet
Sample 11: Tablet
The tablet item creates a rectangular space or drawing object on
the page where users can draw or write using the mouse pointer.
This allows users to do such things as sign the form.
To draw on a tablet, users hold down the left mouse button while
moving the mouse pointer over the space. To erase the marks, users
position the mouse over the tablet, hold down CONTROL and click the
right mouse button.
The tablet's background may be blank or composed of an image. The
user draws on the background.
Available Options
Option Behavior
active Specifies whether tablet is active or inactive.
Default: on
bgcolor Defines background color of radio button.
Default: page background color
bordercolor Defines color of border around tablet.
Default: black
borderwidth Defines width of tablet's border, in pixels.
Default: 1 pixel
editstate Defines one of three possible edit states for
modifiable items: readonly, writeonly, or
readwrite. Default: readwrite.
fontcolor Determines pen color
Universal Forms Description Language [page 92]
fontinfo Defines font name, point size, and font
characteristics for text portion of tablet.
Defaults: Helvetica, 8, plain
help Points to help message for tablet.
image Associates tablet with data item. Default: n/a
itemlocation Specifies location of tablet in page layout.
Default: in body of page, under previous item
in page definition, aligned along page's
left margin
justify Aligns lines of text within space tablet
occupies.
mouseover Specifies whether the mouse pointer is over
the tablet. Default: off
size Specifies tablet's size in characters. Default:
width 1 character, height 1 character
value Used to set initial size of tablet; otherwise,
tablet sizes itself to size of text
entered in value
Usage Notes
1) A tablet item must contain an image option that associates it
with a data item. The data item must also exist in the form.
The user's drawing marks will be stored as image data in the
data item.
2) For example, this is the code necessary to create a blank tablet
(that contains no image background) on a form.
sketch_tablet = new tablet
{
fontcolor = ["blue"];
size = ["30", "5"];
image = "sketch_data";
}
...
sketch_data = new data
{
}
3) To place an image in a tablet's background, store the image data
in the data item already associated with the tablet. Note that
when the user draws on the tablet, the user's marks will be
stored as part of the same image.
For example, this piece of sample form code shows a tablet that
contains an image called sign_data.
sign_tablet = new tablet
{
Universal Forms Description Language [page 93]
fontcolor = ["blue"];
size = ["30", "5"];
image = "sign_logo";
}
...
sign_data = new data
{
mimedata = "R0lGODdhYABPAPAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAYABA/"
"Art68+Y7im7ku2KkzXnOzh9v7qNw+k+TbDoLFTvCSPzMrSzTE+p"
"yai3YUk9R6hee2JFP2stju+uG0ptvdeKptb+cX8wfY1jdYU4KpdJw"
"44yAJEqcW28cA5M0oEKnqKasZwydrK9Wo6JTt9p5iwt8bi/b7E0"
"rvKixzbHJyrDq2uNggaXUs1NlLi36AW3AGv7VWhIPAzvdGi/vvr0Of"
"ft3Nrx89JewCQJYTirxi2PwgnRpNoMV5FIIboOnqTszFMhVI0yOz";
}
4) The fontcolor option determines the pen color.
5) The pen width is two pixels.
6) The value can be used to set the initial size of the tablet.
If no size is indicated, and no mimedata exists, the tablet will
size itself to the size of the text entered in the value.
7) If an enclosure mechanism is used to replace an image stored
in a data item with a new image, then buttons, labels, and
tablets whose image option is set to the identifier of the
image data item will be updated to display the new image.
For details, see the data option description.
Example
This example shows a blank tablet with a background color of pale
green. It is 40 characters wide and 10 characters high.
users_signature = new tablet
{
bgcolor = ["PaleGreen"];
size = ["40", "10"];
fontinfo = ["Courier", "12"]; // This governs the size.
fontcolor = ["black"]; // This governs pen color.
image = "signature_data";
}
signature_data = new data
{
}
------
4.18 toolbar
Sample 12: Toolbar
The toolbar item allows you to define a toolbar for your page. A
toolbar is a separate and fixed area at the top of the page. It
functions much like a toolbar in a word processing application.
Typically, you place items in the toolbar that you want users to
see no matter what portion of the page they are viewing.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 94]
The toolbar is visible no matter what portion of the page body is
visible. However, if the toolbar is larger than half the form
window, you will have to scroll to see everything it contains.
Refer to the section 'Toolbars' for more information on toolbars.
Available Options
You can use the following option with toolbar:
Option Behavior
bgcolor The background color of the toolbar. Default:
background color of page.
mouseover Specifies whether the mouse pointer is over
the toolbar. Default: off
Usage Notes
1) The background color of the toolbar becomes the default
background color for items in the toolbar.
2) Add items to the toolbar using the within modifier of the
itemlocation option. Code the itemlocation option in each
included item's definition.
Example
This example shows a toolbar that contains a label, a spacer, and
two buttons.
Here is the toolbar definition:
TOOL_BAR = new toolbar
{
bgcolor = ["cornsilk"];
}
Here are the items belonging to the toolbar.
COMPANY_NAME = new label
{
value = "My Company";
itemlocation = [["within", "TOOL_BAR"]];
}
TB_SPACER = new spacer
{
itemlocation = [["within", "TOOL_BAR"], ["below", "COMPANY_NAME"]];
}
SUBMIT_BUTTON = new button
{
value = "Submit Form";
type = "submit";
url = ["http://www.server.com/cgi-bin/formProcessor"];
itemlocation = [["within", "TOOL_BAR"], ["below", "TB_SPACER"]];
}
Universal Forms Description Language [page 95]
CANCEL_BUTTON = new button
{
type = "cancel";
itemlocation = [["within","TOOL_BAR"], ["after", "SUBMIT_BUTTON"]];
}
------
4.19 <custom item>
Custom items allow form designers to add application specific
information to the form definition. This is useful when
submitting forms to applications requiring non-UFDL information.
An example of non-UFDL information might be an SQL query statement.
Available Options
You can use all UFDL options and any custom options with custom
items.
Usage Notes
1) The naming conventions for a custom item are as follows:
- It must begin with an alphabetic character.
- It can contain any of the characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, $ and
underscore.
- It must contain an underscore.
Example
This is an example of a custom item definition. It includes both
a UFDL and a custom option.
STATUS_EVENT = new ma_event
{
active = "off";
ma_id = "UF45567 \t /home/users/preferences01";
}
------
5. UFDL Form Options
An option defines a characteristic of a form, a page, or an item.
An option definition is an assignment statement. The expression
on the right hand side of the equal sign contains the option's
setting. The syntax of an option definition statement is
as follows:
<option identifier> = <expression>;
Note: The semicolon is mandatory and terminates the statement.
Option identifier is a name that identifies the type of option. It
can be a UFDL-defined option or a custom option. Examples of option
identifier are: bgcolor, fontinfo, itemlocation, and size. See the
following pages for a description of each option and its possible
values.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 96]
An expression specifies a value. An expression can be any of the
following:
- a literal
- a reference to another option definition in the form
- an operation
- an array specification
Use an array specification for options requiring or permitting
multiple values. The syntax of an array specification is as
follows: [PD1]
[<element1>, <element2>, ... <elementn>]
Note: 'n' is the number of settings in the option.
An element can be any of the following:
- an expression
- an element definition statement
The brackets surrounding the array specification are mandatory even
when there is only one element in the list.
The evaluation of array elements is done in their order of position
unless the elements have UFDL-defined variable names. See the
following section for a discussion of variable names.
Element Definition Statements
The element definition statement allows you to assign a variable
name to an array element. Variable names permit you to refer to the
element by name rather than by its position in the array. The
syntax of an element definition statement is:
<variable> = <expression>
See the section 'Option Definition' for more information on
expressions and arrays.
Characteristics
Options set for the form or a page are called characteristics. Form
characteristics are global to the entire form. Page characteristics
are global to the page on which they occur.
Defining Form Characteristics
Defining form characteristics is optional. It has the effect of
setting characteristics that are global to the form. These
characteristics override the defaults defined by UFDL. Specific
pages or items will override these global characteristics if the
same option is set differently for that page or item.
Use the reference global.global when referring to form
characteristics.
Defining Page Characteristics
Universal Forms Description Language [page 97]
Defining page characteristics is also optional. It has the effect
of setting characteristics that are global to the page. These
settings override the defaults defined by UFDL and any form
characteristics. Specific pages or items will override these global
characteristics if the same option is set differently for that page
or item..
Use the reference global or <page tag>.global when referring to
page characteristics.
Item Reference
An item reference identifies a particular item instance. The syntax
of an item reference is as follows:
<item tag>
- for items on another page
<page tag>.<item tag>
Data Type Designators
UFDL defines a set of data types to describe the variable data in
option settings. Each option's description includes the necessary
data type information.
UFDL uses the following data type designators:
Data Type Description
char a single ASCII character
string a series of ASCII characters
color a color name or an RGB triplet representing
the color
- The syntax of an RGB triplet is: [<red>,
<green>, <blue>]. For example, the triplet
for green is: ["0", "255", "0"].
- See Appendix B: 'Color Table' on page 300 for
a list of supported colors. The list contains
the color names and their RGB triplets.
coordinate whole number in the range 0 to 1,000
representing one coordinate of a position
integer positive or negative whole number in the range
-32,768 to 32,767
long int whole number in the range 0 to 2,147,483,647
short int whole number in the range 0 to 255
unsigned whole number in the range 0 to 65,535
Syntax Notation Conventions
Universal Forms Description Language [page 98]
Tip: UFDL is case sensitive. All option
names are lowercase.
The following syntax notation conventions have been used in the
sections following:
- Names have been assigned to each expression on the right hand
side of the assignment operator (=). The meaning and setting of
each expression appear in a table below the syntax diagram.
For example,
fontinfo = [<font name>, <point size>, <weight>, <effects>,
<form>];
Note: <weight>, <effects>, and <form> are optional.
Expression Setting Description
<font name> string the name of the font
<point size> short int the size of the font
<weight> "plain" use plain face
"bold" use bold face
<effects> "underline" underline the text
<form> "italics" use the italic form
- In the table, the Setting column indicates whether the
expression requires variable data or a constant value. Variable
data is represented by a data type; a constant value is
represented by the required keyword. Data types appear in
italics (for example, string); constants display in bold face
(for example, underline).
- A set of mutually exclusive choices is represented by a list of
settings beside an expression's name in the table. For example,
in the fontinfo statement, the <weight> expression can be one
- The syntax of an expression can take many forms. For example,
the following formats are all valid:
value = "Sample expression";
value = field_one.value;
value = "Sample " +. field_two.value;
As a consequence of the variation, syntax diagrams make no
reference to an expression's format.
See the section 'Option Definition' for a discussion of expression
formats.
- Repeating expressions are represented using an <opt1>, ...
<optn> notation and an explanatory note. For example,
datagroup = [<datagroup reference1>, ... <datagroup referencen>];
Note: Include a <datagroup reference> entry for each datagroup
this item accesses.
- Optional expressions are noted in an explanatory note. For example,
fontinfo = [<font name>, <point size>, <weight>,
<effects>, <form>];
Note: <weight>, <effects> and <form> are optional.
------
Universal Forms Description Language [page 99]
5.1 activated
The activated option specifies whether an item, page, or form is
currently activated by the user or not. This option is set by code
outside UFDL.
Syntax
activated = "<status>";
Expression Setting Description
<status> "on" item, page, or form is currently
activated by user
"off" item, page, or form is not
currently activated by user
"maybe" button only: item might be activated,
as user has pressed it, but has not
yet released it
Available In
- action
- button
- cell
- combobox
- popup
- page global
- form global
Example
The following example shows a button that changes color based on
whether it is currently activated.
saveButton = new button
{
type = "save";
value = "Save";
bgcolor = [activated=="on" ? "white" : "LightPink3"];
}
The button will appear white when the user activates it, and gray
otherwise.
Usage Notes
1) Default: off
2) Any pre-defined setting for activated, including a formula
setting, will be destroyed as soon as the first activated event
appears. The activated option is not intended to be set by UFDL
script, but rather by external forces-a form viewing program,
for example.
3) activated is set to on when an item is activated, and remains
on until any transaction initiated by the item is properly under
way. For example, in a print button, activated will be turned on
when the user initiates the print action, and will remain on
Universal Forms Description Language [page 100]
until network results indicate the print action is taking place.
4) The activated option is not included in form descriptions that
are saved or transmitted.
5) Specific details on activated behavior for each item:
* action - actions set activated to on when they fire, and
off when the transaction they initiate is under way.
* button - buttons set activated to maybe when the user
holds the mouse pointer or SPACE bar down on the button. They
set it to on if the user releases the pointer or SPACE bar
while over the button, and they set activated to off when the
transaction the button initiates is under way.
* cell - cells behave in the same manner as buttons. In the
split second during which a user selects a select type of
cell, it sets activated to on. It turns activated off as soon
as the action of being selected is finished. Cells that
initiate network transactions set activated to on from the
beginning of the request to the time when the request produces
results. Note that there is no maybe status for a cell.
* combobox and popup - comoboxes and popup lists set
activated to on when their lists are popped open, and off when
the lists are not open. Note that the "field" portion of a
combobox does not register an activated setting.
* page - a page sets activated to on while it is displayed
on screen, and off when it is not.
* form - a form sets activated to on while it is displayed
on screen, and off when it is not.
------
5.2 active
The active option specifies whether an item is active or inactive.
Inactive items do not respond to user input and, if possible,
appear dimmed.
For example, an inactive check box will be dimmed and the user will
not be able to select or deselect the box.
Syntax
active = <status>;
Expression Setting Description
<status> "on" item is active
"off" item is inactive
Available In
- action
- button
Universal Forms Description Language [page 101]
- cell
- check
- field
- help
- label
- list
- popup
- radio
- tablet
Example
This sample specifies the item is active.
active = "on";
Usage Notes
1) Default: on
2) Setting active to off would be similar to setting an edit state
of readonly.
------
5.3 bgcolor
The bgcolor option defines the background color of a page or
an item.
Syntax
bgcolor = [<color name>];
bgcolor = [<RGB triplet>];
Note: Either format is acceptable.
Expression Setting Description
<color name> color the color name
<RGB triplet> color the RGB triplet. See 'Data Type
Designators' for the syntax of an
RGB triplet.
Available In
- button
- check
- field
- list
- popup
- radio
- tablet
- toolbar
- page global characteristics
- form global characteristics
Examples
These samples both set the background color to forest green.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 102]
bgcolor = ["forest green"];
bgcolor = ["34", "139", "34"];
bgcolor = ["transparent"];
Usage Notes
1) The transparent color has no RGB equivalent.
2) Default: varies depending on the object
Form: white
Page: the form background color
Item: depends on the item type-
button items: gray (or grey)
check, combobox field, list, popup, and radio items: white
label items: transparent (version 4.0.1 and greater)
all other items: the background color of the page
------
5.4 bordercolor
The bordercolor option defines the color of the border around the
item.
Syntax
bordercolor = [<color name>];
bordercolor = [<RGB triplet>];
Note: Either format is acceptable.
Expression Setting Description
<color name> color the color name
<RGB triplet> color the RGB triplet. See 'Data Type
Designators' in section 5 for the
syntax of an RGB triplet.
Available In
- box
- button
- check
- field
- list
- popup
- radio
- tablet
- page global characteristics
- form global characteristics
Examples
bordercolor = ["light blue"];
bordercolor = ["173", "216", "230"];
Usage Notes
1) Default: black
Universal Forms Description Language [page 103]
------
5.5 borderwidth
The borderwidth option defines the width of an item's border. The
unit of measurement is pixels.
Syntax
borderwidth = <width>;
Expression Setting Description
<width> short int the width of the border
Available In
- box
- button
- field
- label
- list
- popup
- tablet
- page global characteristics
- form global characteristics
Example
This sample sets the border width to five pixels.
borderwidth = "5";
Usage Notes
1) Default: varies depending on the item type
- box and label items: zero pixels
- all other visible items: one pixel
------
5.6 coordinates
The coordinates option records the position of the mouse pointer on
an image. The image must exist in a button item. The recording
occurs when a user selects (i.e. clicks) the button using the mouse
pointer.
The position is an intersection on an unseen grid overlaying the
image. The points along each axis of the grid range from zero (0)
through 1000 with position 0,0 occurring in the top, left corner.
The coordinates map the intersection closest to the mouse
pointer's position.
Syntax
coordinates = [<X_coordinate>, <Y_coordinate>];
Expression Setting Description
<X_coordinate> coordinate the coordinate on the X axis
Universal Forms Description Language [page 104]
<Y_coordinate> coordinate the coordinate on the Y axis
Available In
- button
Example
When a user clicks on a button containing an image, a coordinates
option statement is inserted into the button definition. The
statement would look something like this. This particular setting
indicates a position at the intersection of points 180 on the
x-axis and 255 on the y-axis.
coordinates = ["180", "255"];
Usage Notes
------
5.7 data
The data option associates an action, button, or cell item with a
single data item. The data option is valid only in items with a
type setting of enclose, display, extract, or remove.
Syntax
data = <data_item>;
Expression Setting Description
<data_item> string the item tag of the data item to
associate with the action, button,
or cell
Available In
- action
- button
- cell
Example
The button below is an enclosure button associated with a single
data item.
encloseImageButton = new button
{
value = "Update Image";
type = "enclose";
data = "displayImage";
}
If a user enclosed another file, then the data item referred to in
the button's data option would be replaced with the new data item.
(The data item would use the same item tag-the one that's referred
to in the data option.)
Usage Notes
Universal Forms Description Language [page 105]
1) A data option may specify only zero or one data items.
2) If an item with a type setting of enclose and a data option is
used to enclose a second data item, then the second data item
will replace the first.
3) If an enclosure mechanism is used to replace an image stored in
a data item with a new image (see above), then buttons, labels,
and tablets whose image option is set to the identifier of the
image data item will be updated to display the new image.
4) A data item referred to in a data option may also have a
datagroup option and thus belong to the datagroups of other
actions, buttons, or cells.
------
5.8 datagroup
The datagroup option identifies a group or folder of enclosed
files. Each enclosed file can belong to several datagroups, and
each datagroup can contain several enclosed files.
Syntax
datagroup = [<datagroup reference1>, ... <datagroup referencen>];
where <datagroup reference> is one of:
- <datagroup name> for datagroups on the current page
- <page tag>.<datagroup name> for datagroups on other pages
Note: Include a <datagroup reference> entry for each datagroup
this item accesses.
Expression Setting Description
<datagroup reference> string identifies a datagroup
Available In
- action
- button
- cell
- data
Example
If this sample were part of a data item definition, it would mean
the data item belonged to the datagroups: Business_Letters,
Personal_Letters, and Form_Letters.
If this sample were part of a action, button, or cell item, it
would mean the user could store the enclosure in one of the
three datagroups.
datagroup = ["Business_Letters", "Personal_Letters",
"Form_Letters"];
Usage Notes
1) Default: none
Universal Forms Description Language [page 106]
2) Used with items handling enclosures, datagroup lists the
datagroups the item can access. Used with a data item, datagroup
lists the datagroups to which the enclosure belongs. Enclosures
are stored in data items.
3) Items that handle enclosed files perform enclose, extract,
remove, and display actions. These actions types are set using
the type option.
4) When a user selects an item that handles enclosed files, the
list of datagroups appears. The user chooses the datagroup
(or folder) with which to work. If the action is enclosing, the
enclosed file is added to that datagroup. Otherwise, a list of
files in the datagroup appears. The user chooses a file from
the list.
5) The action of enclosing a file creates the data item, and stores
the user's choice of datagroup (or folder) in the data item's
datagroup option.
------
5.9 delay
The delay option delays the execution of an automatic action or
specifies an automatic action repeat factor. Repeated actions stop
when the page containing the action definition closes. Define
automatic actions using an action item.
Syntax
delay = [<repeat factor>, <interval>];
Expression Setting Description
<repeat factor> "repeat" queue the action to repeat at the
<interval> specified
"once" perform the action once after the
<interval> specified
<interval> integer the frequency of repeated actions
or the delay before performing
single occurrence actions.
The unit of measurement is seconds.
"-1" perform the action before the page
displays. Only valid with a repeat
factor of once.
Available In
- action
Example
This sample sets the action to occur once, 15 minutes (900 seconds)
after the page opens.
delay = ["once", "900"];
Usage Notes
Universal Forms Description Language [page 107]
1) Defaults:
- repeat factor: once
- interval: zero seconds
This means the action will occur when the page appears.
2) Repeating automatic actions is one method of creating a
sparse-stated connection. It allows the form to indicate
periodically to a server application that it is still running.
3) All actions with the same interval occur in the order they are
defined in the page.
4) The page does not display while actions with an interval of
-1 are running.
------
5.10 editstate
The editstate option defines one of three possible edit states for
modifiable items.
Syntax
editstate = <edit state>;
Expression Setting Description
<edit state> "readonly" users cannot change the item's
"writeonly" users can change, but not see, the
item's setting
"readwrite" users can see and change the item's
setting
Available In
- check
- field
- list
- popup
- radio
Example
This sample sets the editstate to readonly.
editstate = "readonly";
Usage Notes
1) Default: readwrite.
2) The writeonly setting applies only to fields. It causes all
characters the user types to appear the same as the system
password character.
3) The readonly setting permits users to scroll an item even though
Universal Forms Description Language [page 108]
they may not update the item's contents.
------
5.11 filename
The filename option identifies the name of an enclosed file. This
name appears in the list of enclosed files.
Syntax
filename = <file name>;
Expression Setting Description
<file name> string the name of the enclosed file
Available In
- data
Example
This sample specifies the name of an enclosed file.
filename = "std_logo.frm";
Usage Notes
1) Default: none
2) To ensure cross-platform compatibility, you should limit
filenames to the following set of characters: lowercase letters
from a to z, uppercase letters from A to Z, the integers 0
through 9, and the underscore (_).
3) To ensure cross-platform compatibility, you should limit form
names to a maximum of eight characters, followed by a .frm
extension.
------
5.12 focused
The focused option specifies whether an item, page, or form
currently has the input focus. This option is set by code
outside UFDL.
Syntax
focused = "<status>";
Expression Setting Description
<status> "on" item, page, or form has input focus
"off" item, page, or form does not have
input focus
Available In
- button
- combo
Universal Forms Description Language [page 109]
- field
- list
- popup
- radio
- page global
- form global
Example
The following example shows a button that changes its color to
white if it has the input focus, and to blue if it does not.
saveButton = new button
{
type = "save";
value = "Save";
bgcolor = [focused=="on" ? "white" : "blue"];
}
Usage Notes
1) Default: off
2) Any pre-defined setting for focused, including a formula
setting, will be destroyed as soon as the first activated event
appears. The focused option is not intended to be set by UFDL
script, but rather by external forces-a form viewing program,
for example.
3) focused is set to on when an item, page, or form receives the
input focus, and is set to off when it does not.
4) An object's focus does not change when the form application
displaying it becomes active or inactive on a desktop. For
example, a page that is open on screen will have a focus set
to on, even if the page is minimized or is not the currently
active application on the desktop.
5) In objects that are hierarchical, it is possible for more than
one object to have the focus at one time. For example, a form,
a page, and a field can all be focused at the same time.
6) When a form viewing application is closing a form, it should set
all focus options to off and then resolve all formulas before
shutting down.
7) focused may only be set by a desktop form viewing application.
8) The focused option is not included in form descriptions that
are saved or transmitted.
------
5.13 fontcolor
The fontcolor option defines the font color for the text or filler
portion of an item. In radio and check items, fontcolor defines
the color of the bullet and check, respectively. In line items,
Universal Forms Description Language [page 110]
fontcolor defines the color of the line. In tablet items, fontcolor
defines the pen color. In other items, it defines the text color.
Syntax
fontcolor = [<color name>];
fontcolor = [<RGB triplet>];
Note: Either format is acceptable.
Expression Setting Description
<color name> color the color name
<RGB triplet> color the RGB triplet. See 'Data Type
Designators' in section 5 for the
syntax of an RGB triplet.
Available In
- button
- check
- field
- label
- line
- list
- popup
- radio
- tablet
- page global characteristics
- form global characteristics
Examples
These samples both set the background color to chocolate.
fontcolor = ["210", "105", "30"];
Usage Notes
1) Default: black
------
5.14 fontinfo
The fontinfo option defines the font name, point size, and font
characteristics for the text portion of an item.
Note: The font selected for an item influences the item's size.
Syntax
fontinfo = [<font name>, <point size>, <weight>, <effects>,
<form>];
Note: <weight>, <effects> and <form> are optional.
Expression Setting Description
<font name> string the name of the font
<point size> short int the size of the font
<weight> "plain" use a plain face
Universal Forms Description Language [page 111]
"bold" use a bold face
<effects> "underline" underline the text
<form> "italic" use the italic form
Available In
- box
- button
- check
- field
- label
- line
- list
- popup
- radio
- spacer
- tablet
- page global characteristics
- form global characteristics
Example
This sample sets the font information to Times 14, bold italic.
fontinfo = ["Times", "14", "bold", "italic"];
Usage Notes
1) Defaults:
- font name: Helvetica
- point size: 8
- weight: plain
- effects: not underlined
- form: not italics
2) If any of the fontinfo settings are invalid, then the defaults
will be used.
3) The size option calculates item size using the font's average
character width. Therefore, choice of font affects item width.
4) UFDL supports the following fonts and font sizes:
Fonts: Courier, Times, Symbol (??????), Helvetica, and
Palatino
Sizes: 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 24, 36, 48
You can also use other fonts and font sizes if you wish.
However, especially for cross-platform Internet applications,
it is best to choose from the ones cited above since they are
guaranteed to work.
------
5.15 format
The format option allows you to specify edit checks and formatting
options for field, label, list, popup, and combobox items. It also
allows you to specify a mandatory status for signature button items
(for details, see the button item description).
Universal Forms Description Language [page 112]
Syntax
format = [<data type>, <format flag>, <check flag>];
Notes:
i) Multiple flags are valid.
ii) <data type> is mandatory and must appear first; the flags are
optional and can appear in any order.
Expression Setting Description
<data type> (see below) the type of data the field should
contain
<format flag> (see below) the type of formatting applied to
the user's input
<check flag> (see below) the type of edit check performed on
the formatted input
Available In
- button
- combobox
- field
- label
- list
- popup
Example
This example specifies a field containing integer data with a range
of values from 10 to 1,000 inclusive, and formatted with commas
separating the thousands.
format = ["integer", "comma_delimit", range=["10", "1000"]];
This example specifies a field that contains dollar data that is
mandatory. An error message appears if the data is not entered
correctly.
format = ["dollar", "mandatory", message= "Entry incorrect-try
again."];
This example specifies a field in which date data will be formatted
as day-of-month, month, and year (i.e., 15 June 1999).
format = ["date", "long"];
This example contains two templates. User input must match one of
them:
format = ["string", template=["###-###-####",
"###-###-####-###"] ];
This example contains a decision: if a check box called
allowIncompleteCheck is checked, then filling out the item is
optional; if the check box is checked, then item is mandatory and
the user must complete it.
format = ["string", page1.allowIncompleteCheck=="on" ? "optional"
: "mandatory"];
Data Types
Universal Forms Description Language [page 113]
UFDL supports the following data types:
Data Type Description Format Defaults To:
string free form character data up Any Character.
to 32K long
integer a positive or negative whole Any whole number.
number in the range of -2,147,
float a positive or negative floating Any decimal number.
point decimal number in the
range of 1.7 * 10-308 to 1.7 *
10308
dollar a fixed point decimal number Any number.
with a scale of 2 and a range Automatically adds
equal to the range of a float .00 to end, if no
decimal value
specified
date a date including day-of-month, This format:
month, and year 3 Mar 96
day_of_week the name or number of a day of This format: Thu
the week
month the name or number of a month This format: Mar
day_of_month the number of a day of the Number format.
month
year a numeric year designation This format:
1996 | 2000 B.C.
time a time value containing hours This format:
and minutes from the 12 hour 11:23 P.M.
or the 24 hour clock
void disable entire format option No effects on
(including data type, checks, contents of a
and formats) field
Format Flags
You can specify any number of format flags in a format line. To see
which format flags apply to each data type, see the cross reference
table at the end of this section.
The available format flags are:
Format Flag Description
comma_delimit Delimit the thousands by commas.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 114]
space_delimit Delimit the thousands by spaces.
bracket_negative Indicate negative values by surrounding
the value with parentheses, that is ( ).
add_ds Add a dollar sign to the start of the
value (dollar fields only).
upper_case Convert alphabetic characters to upper
case.
lower_case Convert alphabetic characters to lower
case.
title_case Convert first letter of each word to upper
case and all other letters to lower case,
for titles and proper names.
short Display dates and times using the
following formats:
- day_of_week - numeric value in range 1
to 7 where 1 represents Sunday
- day_of_month - numeric value in range 1
to 31
- year - apostrophe followed by last two
digits in year ('98), 'before Christ'
era designator is B.C. ('98 B.C.)
- date - year as four digits, month as two
digits, and day-of-month as two digits,
organized in YMD order; no punctuation
(1998-04-29)
- time - 24 hour clock (as in 23:30)
long Display dates and times using the
following formats:
- day_of_week - name in full as in Monday
- day_of_month - two digits plus suffix as
in 1st
- month - name in full as in January
- year - four-digit numeric format,
'before Christ' era designator is B.C.
(2000 B.C.)
- date - long year, long month, and long
day-of-month formats organized in DMY
order; no punctuation (29th April 1998)
- time - 12 hour clock with the time of
day suffix (A.M. or P.M., as in
11:30 P.M.)
numeric Display dates and times using numeric
values and, possibly, the minus sign:
- day_of_week - 2 digits in range 01 to
07 where 01 represents Sunday
- day_of_month - 2 digits in range 01 to
31
Universal Forms Description Language [page 115]
- month - 2 digits in range 01 to 12
- year - 4 digits; 'before Christ' era
designator is minus sign as in -1995
- date - month and day-of-month formats
above,
* year format is 4 digits
* 'before Christ' era designator is
minus sign
* organized in YMD order; no punctuation
* Examples: 19980429, -19980429
- time - 24 hour clock (as in 23.30)
presentation="yy/mm/dd" Available only when formatting dates, to
create custom template for presentation
of dates, using Y for year, M for month,
and D for day
- Example: "date", presentation=
"YY/MM/DD"
* this could yield 98/12/23
void No formatting is applied
Check Flag
You can specify any number of edit checks in a format line. The
edit checks you specify and any edit checks implied by the data
type will be performed.
To see which edit checks apply to each data type, see the cross
reference table at the end of this section.
Important: UFDL specifies that fields be formatted before an edit
check is performed. For example, if the field's data type is dollar
and you specify the add_ds and comma_delimit format options, then
the input 23000 becomes $23,000.00 before edit checks are applied.
This can affect length and template checks. In this example, the
length before formatting was 5 but it became 10 before edit
checking.
The available check flags are:
Check Flag Description
optional Input from the user is not mandatory.
mandatory Input from the user is mandatory.
case_insensitive Apply edit checks without regard to the
case in which the user enters the data.
range=["low","high"] The field's value must be in the range
specified. The range can be alphabetic,
numeric, days of the week, days of the
month, or months.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 116]
Ranges cannot vary from high to low. For
example, 10 to one, the year 2000 to 1900,
etc. are invalid.
length=["min","max"] Restrict the length of the formatted input
data to a minimum of "min" bytes and a
maximum of "max" bytes.
template=["a","b",...] This is a list of formats permitted for
the field. There is no restriction on the
number of formats. Field contents must
match one of the formats in the list. You
may use any of the following wild card
characters:
-?- represents any one (1) character?
-*- represents any number of characters
-#- represents any one (1) numeric
character
-%- represents any number of numeric
characters
-@- represents any one (1) alphabetic
character
-!- represents any number of alphabetic
characters (which can include none)
message="help" Sets the error message that is displayed
if the user input fails the type checking.
The default message is, "This entry is
invalid. Please try again."
fail_checks Forces failure of format statement.
ignore_checks Causes all type checking checks to be
ignored.
Note: only checks are ignored, not
formatting or data type.
Cross Reference of Data Types, Format Flags, and Check Flags
Data Type Applicable Format Flags Applicable Check Flags
string lower_case, upper_case, case_insensitive,
title_case fail_checks, length,
mandatory, optional,
range, template
integer bracket_negative, fail_checks,
comma_delimit, space_delimit ignore_checks, length,
mandatory, optional,
range, template
float bracket_negative, fail_checks,
comma_delimit, space_delimit ignore_checks, length,
mandatory, optional,
range, template
Universal Forms Description Language [page 117]
dollar add_ds, bracket_negative, fail_checks,
comma_delimit, space_delimit ignore_checks, length,
mandatory, optional,
range, template
date long, short, numeric case_insensitive,
year fail_checks,
month ignore_checks, length,
day_of_month mandatory, optional,
day_of_week range, template
time
void No formatting or type No checking or type
checking is done checking is done
Usage Notes
1) If a format flag conflicts with the data type, the format flag
will be ignored.
2) All edit checks specified will be applied to the input data.
This may result in a field the user cannot change. For example,
the combination of data type integer and check flag
template="a*" creates such a situation. Data cannot be both an
integer and begin with a letter.
3) Default Formatting:
- Case remains unchanged.
- Numeric value format contains no thousands delimiter. This
permits easy conversion of ASCII to integer format.
- Dollar value format uses two decimal places and no dollar
sign.
- Zero is always positive.
- Day-of-week and month format is the abbreviated name with no
punctuation. For example, the 2nd day of the week is always
Mon; the first month is always Jan.
- The year format is long.
- The day_of_month is short.
- The date format uses the default day-of-month, month, and
year formats organized in DMY order as in 25 Dec 1995. The
'before Christ' era designator is B.C.
- The time format defaults to short if the input is between
0:00 and 12:59, and to long otherwise.
4) Default Edit Checks
- All checking is case sensitive.
- The default edit checks combine the requirements of the data
type with any formatting requirements (default or specific).
- If neither optional nor mandatory are specified, the rules
that are specified will determine whether the user must
enter information.
5) When applying a format to a combobox, list, or popup, the
formatting will be applied to the value of each cell linked to
Universal Forms Description Language [page 118]
the item. Those cells that do not pass the check will be
flagged or filtered. If a cell passes the checks, its value will
be replaced with a formatted value before the item is displayed.
The label option for these cells will remain unaffected.
6) When applying a format to a combobox, list, or popup, a cell
with an empty value will fail all format checks but will still
be selectable, even if input is mandatory. This allows users to
erase their previous choice (which will also reset all formulas
based on that choice). However, users will still need to select
a valid cell before they can submit the form.
7) If any two comboboxes, lists, or popups use the same set of
cells, they must apply the same formatting.
8) The void format type disables a format line completely through
the use of a compute. void formats never fail regardless of the
checks in the format statement.
9) The void format flag facilitates the modification of a format
statement by a formula. It is ignored by the formatting system.
10) For details on using the format option in buttons, see the
Usage Notes in the button item description.
------
5.16 group
The group option provides a method of grouping items together.
Items with the same group reference are considered members of the
same group. Examples of grouped items are radio buttons and cells.
Syntax
group = <group reference>;
where <group reference> is one of:
- <group name> for groups on the current page
- <page tag>.<group name> for groups on other pages
Expression Setting Description
<group reference> string identifies the group
Available In
- cell
- combobox
- list
- popup
- radio
Example
This sample associates the item with the group coverage_type.
group = "coverage_type";
Usage Notes
Universal Forms Description Language [page 119]
1) Default: none
2) List and popup items are populated with cells that have the same
group reference as the item. It is possible to have several list
and popup items with the same group reference. In this way, the
same group of cells can populate more than one list or popup.
3) All radio items having the same group reference will form a
mutually exclusive group.
------
5.17 help
The help option points to the help message for the item. The item
reference identifies the help item containing the help message.
There can be many items pointing to the same help message.
Syntax
help = <item reference>;
Expression Setting Description
<item reference> string identifies the help item
Available In
- button
- check
- field
- label
- list
- popup
- radio
- tablet
Example
This sample points to the help item general_help defined on the
page called page_1.
help = "page_1.general_help";
------
The image option associates an image with an item. The item
reference identifies the data item containing the image. This image
replaces any text label if the viewer is able to display images.
Syntax
image = <item reference>;
Expression Setting Description
<item reference> string identifies the data item
Available In
- button
Universal Forms Description Language [page 120]
- label
- tablet
Example
This sample points to the data item company_logo defined on the
page called page_lst.
image = "page_lst.company_logo";
Usage Notes
1) Default: none
2) Use this option to associate images with button, label, and
tablet items.
3) If an enclosure mechanism is used to replace an image stored in
a data item with a new image, then buttons, labels, and tablets
whose image option is set to the identifier of the image data
item will be updated to display the new image. For details, see
the data option description.
------
5.19 itemlocation
The itemlocation option serves three purposes:
- It specifies the location of an item in the page layout.
- If you use the extent setting, it will set the size of an
item's bounding box.
- If you are using the relational positioning scheme, it may
dynamically alter the size of an item.
Each specification in the itemlocation option defines one aspect
of an item's location or size.
There are two different schemes you can use to position items on
the page: an absolute positioning scheme and a relational
positioning scheme. The absolute positioning scheme anchors the
top left corner of an item to a particular pixel on the displayed
page, whereas the relational positioning scheme places items on the
page in relation to one another. Once you understand the two
schemes you can combine them to gain the advantages of both
schemes.
For more information on the two schemes, see 'Absolute Positioning
Scheme' and 'Relational Positioning Scheme', below.
Note: You can combine the two methods of positioning, so that some
items are positioned absolutely, and other items are positioned in
relation to those absolute items.
Syntax:
itemlocation = [[<specification1>], ... [<specificationn>]];
where:
(absolute positioning and extent modifier)
Universal Forms Description Language [page 121]
- <specification> is defined as: <modifier>,<x-coordinate>,
<y-coordinate>
(relational positioning)
- <specification> is defined as: <modifier>, <item tag1>,
<item tag2>
Notes:
i) There is no restriction on the number of specifications.
ii) x-coordinate and y-coordinate may be negative only when the
modifier is offset.
iii) <item tag2> is valid only with the modifiers
alignhorizbetween and alignvertbetween.
Expression Setting Description
<modifier> (see below) the type of modification to apply to
the item's location or size
<x-coordinate> short - the horizontal distance in pixels
(must be from the form's top left corner
positive if (with the modifier absolute); or
modifier is
absolute) - the horizontal distance in pixels
from the item's top left corner in
its original position to its new
offset position (with the modifier
offset)
<y-coordinate> short - the vertical distance in pixels
(must be from the form's top left corner
positive if (with the modifier absolute); or
modifier is
absolute) - the vertical distance in pixels
from the item's top left corner in
its original position and to its
new offset position (with the
modifier offset)
<item tag> string identifies the reference point item
Modifiers
There are four types of modifiers:
- position modifiers - used to position an item
- alignment modifiers - used to align one edge of an item
(relational positioning only)
- expansion modifiers - used to alter an item's size
(relational positioning only)
- the extent modifier - used to set a pixel based size for an
item (both relational and absolute positioning)
Position Modifiers
a) For the Absolute Positioning Scheme:
Modifier Description
Universal Forms Description Language [page 122]
absolute Place top left corner of item on the pixel
noted in the x-coordinate and y-coordinate
settings.
offset Place item so that it is offset from its
original location by the measurement
specified in the x-coordinate and
y-coordinate settings.
The extent modifier, listed later in this section, can also be
used with absolute positioning.
b) For the Relational Positioning Scheme:
Note:A specification containing the within modifier must be the
first specification in the list.
Modifier Description
above Place item a small distance above
reference point item; align left edges.
after Place item a small distance after
reference point item; align top edges.
before Place item a small distance before
reference point item; align top edges.
below Place item a small distance below
reference point item; align left edges.
within Assign item to the toolbar.
Alignment Modifiers (Relational Positioning only)
Note: The modifiers alignvertbetween and alignhorizbetween require
two reference items.
Modifier Description
alignb2b Align bottom edge of item with bottom edge
of reference point item.
alignb2c Align bottom edge of item with vertical
center of reference point item.
alignb2t Align bottom edge of item with top edge
of reference point item.
alignc2b Align vertical center of item with bottom
edge of reference point item.
alignc2l Align horizontal center of item with left
Universal Forms Description Language [page 123]
edge of reference point item.
alignc2r Align horizontal center of item with right
edge of reference point item.
alignc2t Align vertical center of item with top
alignhorizbetween Align horizontal center of item between
right edge of first reference point item
and left edge of second reference point
item.
alignhorizc2c Align horizontal center of item with
horizontal center of reference point item;
center below.
alignl2c Align left edge of item with horizontal
center of reference point item.
alignl2l Align left edge of item with left edge of
reference point item.
alignl2r Align left edge of item with right edge of
reference point item.
alignr2c Align right edge of item with horizontal
center of reference point item.
alignr2l Align right edge of item with left edge of
reference point item.
alignr2r Align right edge of item with right edge
of reference point item.
alignt2b Align top edge of item with bottom edge of
reference point item.
alignt2c Align top edge of item with vertical
center of reference point item.
alignt2t Align top edge of item with top edge of
reference point item.
alignvertbetween Align vertical center of item between
bottom edge of first reference point item
and top edge of second reference point
item.
alignvertc2c Align vertical center of item with
vertical center of reference point item.
Expansion Modifiers (Relational Positioning only)
Modifier Description
Universal Forms Description Language [page 124]
expandb2c Hold top edge of item constant and expand
bottom edge to align with vertical center
of reference point item.
expandb2t Hold top edge of item constant and expand
bottom edge to align with top edge of
reference point item.
expandl2c Hold right edge of item constant and
expand left edge to align with horizontal
center of reference point item.
expandl2l Hold right edge of item constant and
expand left edge to align with left edge
of reference point item.
expandl2r Hold right edge of item constant and
expand left edge to align with right edge
of reference point item.
expandr2c Hold left edge of item constant and expand
right edge to align with horizontal center
of reference point item.
expandr2l Hold left edge of item constant and expand
right edge to align with left edge of
reference point item.
expandr2r Hold left edge of item constant and expand
right edge to align with right edge of
reference point item.
expandt2b Hold bottom edge of item constant and
expand top edge to align with bottom edge
of reference point item.
expandt2c Hold bottom edge of item constant and
expand top edge to align with vertical
center of reference point item.
expandt2t Hold bottom edge of item constant and
expand top edge to align with top edge of
reference point item.
The Extent Modifier (Relational and Absolute Positioning)
extent Hold the top left corner of the item in
place, and size the item so that it is
as many pixels wide as the x coordinate,
and as many pixels tall as the
y coordinate.
Available In
Universal Forms Description Language [page 125]
- box
- button
- check
- field
- label
- line
- list
- popup
- radio
- spacer
- tablet
Absolute Positioning Scheme
This scheme anchors an item to a particular coordinate on the
visible page. The coordinate is a measurement in pixels of the
distance between the top left corner of the form and the item's
top left corner.
The itemlocation line describing the label in the picture above
would look like this:
itemlocation = [["absolute", "60", "60"]];
The absolute positioning scheme also allows you to offset an item
from its original position, by a particular number of pixels. This
is a quick way to create an indented layout on your form.
It is valid to offset an item in any of these four directions:
right, left, up, down. Since the offset is measured by a pixel
grid and is represented with x and y coordinates, the directions
left and up are measured as negative distances. For example, to
outdent the Last Name field in the above diagram, so that its left
edge is further left than the label's, the x measurement would be
negative, as in -15.
You can offset an item from either:
- Its original absolute position. For example,
itemlocation = [["absolute", "60", "100"],
["offset", "15", "20"]];
- Its original relational position. For example,
itemlocation = [["below", "persInfo_label"],
["offset", "15", "20"]];
Caution
An absolute positioning scheme is not a cross-platform
solution-nor even a solution guaranteed to make forms appear the
same under different video cards or in both small font and large
font modes.
The sizes of many UFDL form items are measured in characters. For
example, a field that is 60 x 1 in size, is 60 characters long and
1 character high. Because different platforms and video cards use
differently sized fonts, even for the so-called cross-platform
fonts, an item's actual size (in pixels) may change from one
platform to another as the font it is measured in changes size.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 126]
If you rely on spacing items on your form using absolute
positioning, which fastens an item to a particular pixel, some
items may appear overlapped on some platforms.
To ensure that your forms appear the same on any platform, and
under any video card or font mode, use relational positioning.
Relational Positioning Scheme
Relational positioning allows you to place an item relative to the
location of another item. It also allows you to specify an item's
size relative to the size and location of other items. The other
items (called reference point items) must be defined before they
can be used in an itemlocation statement.
When you use the relational positioning scheme, the first external
item you place on the form appears in the top left corner. It
cannot be placed in relation to any other item, since no other
items exist. All subsequent items can be placed in relation to
items that appear before them in the form's description. If you do
not specify any relational position for an item, it will appear
below the previous item, with its left edge against the page's left
edge.
Itemlocation can only reference items on the same page as the item
being defined. If the item being defined is in a toolbar, the
referenced items must be in the same toolbar.
The Extent Modifier
The extent modifier allows you to set an absolute size for an item
in pixels. When you specify an extent, the item's top left corner
will stay where it is, and the item will be resized so that it is
as many pixels wide as the x value and as many pixels in height as
the y value.
Note: Itemlocation uses the bounding boxes of the defined and
referenced items to determine location and size.
Examples
Example 1 - Absolute Positioning
This sample places a label on the page so that its top left corner
is 20 pixels in from the page's left edge, and 30 pixels down from
the top of the page.
persInfo_label = new label
{
value = "Personal Information";
itemlocation = [["absolute", "20", "30"]];
}
Example 2 - Offsetting an Item
These samples show two ways in which to offset a field below the
label in example one. The first sample shows how to do so using
Universal Forms Description Language [page 127]
only the absolute positioning scheme. The second sample shows how
to do so using both relational and absolute positioning schemes.
lastName_field = new field
{
label = "Last Name";
itemlocation = [["absolute", "20", "100"],
}
lastName_field = new field
{
label = "Last Name";
itemlocation = [["below", "persInfo_label"],
["offset", "10", "10"]];
}
Note that the item is offset from its original position, not from
other items. It's not a good idea to offset items using strictly
absolute positioning (sample one). Use relational positioning if
possible (sample two). For more information on the dangers of
absolute positioning, see the Caution in section 5.19.
Example 3 - Relational Positioning
Sample 3.1
This sample aligns the vertical center of an item between the
bottom edge of the item label_one and the top edge of the item
label_two.
itemlocation = [["alignvertbetween", "label_one", "label_two"]];
Sample 3.2
This sample aligns the item's left edge with the center of item
the_firm and expands the right edge to align with the right edge
of the same reference item (the_firm).
itemlocation = [["alignl2c", "the_firm"], ["expandr2r",
"the_firm"]];
Sample 3.3
This sample assigns an item to the toolbar main_toolbar and
positions it under the company logo company_logo.
itemlocation = [["within", "main_toolbar"], ["below",
"company_logo"]];
Example 4 - Extent
Sample 4.1
This sample shows an extent setting on a field that has been placed
using absolute positioning. The field is first placed at an x-y
coordinate of 10, 10. It is then sized to be 300 pixels wide and
30 pixels high.
itemlocation = [["absolute", "10", "10"], ["extent", "300",
Universal Forms Description Language [page 128]
"30"]];
Sample 4.2
The second sample shows an extent setting on a label that has been
placed using relational positioning. The label is first placed
below a field, and is then sized to be 100 pixels wide and 20
pixels high.
itemlocation = [["below", "field_1"], ["extent", "100", "20"]];
Usage Notes
1) Default item location:
- in the body of the page
- under the previous item in the page definition
- aligned along the left margin of the page
Default bounding box size:
See 'Appendix B: Default Sizes'
2) Itemlocation overrides size. If the itemlocation affects the
size of the item and the size option has also been set for the
item, the itemlocation will determine the size.
3) An item's vertical center is halfway between the top and bottom
edges. The horizontal center is halfway between the left and
right edges.
4) See the following sections for more information on using
itemlocation:
- 'Item Placement'
- 'Item Size'
4) To offset an item by shifting it to the right or down the page,
specify the offset distance using positive integers. To offset
an item by shifting it to the left or up the page, specify the
offset distance using negative integers.
5) Use absolute positioning carefully. See the Caution
for more information.
------
5.20 justify
The justify option aligns lines of text within the space an item
occupies.
Syntax
justify = <alignment>;
Expression Setting Description
<alignment> "left" align each line's left edge along
"right" align each line's right edge along
the right margin
"center" align the center of each line with
Universal Forms Description Language [page 129]
the center of the item
Available In
- button
- field
- label
- popup
- tablet
Example
This sample aligns the text in the center of the item.
justify = "center";
If the item's text was:
The hare and the hound
went off to the woods to play
It would display as follows:
The hare and the hound
went off to the woods to play
Usage Notes
1) Default: varies depending on the item
- button and popup items: center
- label items: left
------
5.21 label
The label option specifies an external text label for an item. The
label appears above the item and aligned with its left margin. The
only exception is popup items, where the label appears inside the
item.
Syntax
label = <label text>;
Expression Setting Description
<label text> string the text of the label
Available In
- check
- field
- list
- popup
- radio
- spacer
- page global characteristics
- form global characteristics
Example
This sample defines a typical label.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 130]
label = "Student Registration Form";
Usage Notes
1) Default: none
2) The label you define in a label option has a transparent
background by default. If you wish to display a particular color
behind the label, then set the labelbgcolor option.
3) Multiple line labels require line breaks imbedded in the label
text. Use the escape sequence '\n' to indicate a line break.
For example:
label = "This label spans\ntwo lines.";
------
5.22 labelbgcolor
The labelbgcolor option defines the background color for the label
specified in the label option.
Syntax
labelbgcolor = [<color name>];
labelbgcolor = [<RGB triplet>];
Note: Either format is acceptable.
Expression Setting Description
<color name> color the color name
<RGB triplet> color the RGB triplet. See 'Data Type
Designators' on page 116 for the
syntax of an RGB triplet.
Available In
- check
- field
- list
- radio
- page global characteristics
- form global characteristics
Examples
These samples both set the background color to red.
labelbgcolor = ["red"];
labelbgcolor = ["255", "0", "0"];
labelbgcolor = ["transparent"];
Usage Notes
1) Default for version 4.0.1 and greater forms: transparent
This means that a label option will always be transparent unless
you specify a color.
2) Default for version 4.0.0 and lesser forms:
for items in the toolbar - background color of toolbar.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 131]
for items on a page - background color of the page.
------
5.23 labelbordercolor
The labelbordercolor option defines the color of the border around
the label specified in the label option.
Syntax
labelbordercolor = [<color name>];
labelbordercolor = [<RGB triplet>];
Note: Either format is acceptable.
Expression Setting Description
<color name> color the color name
<RGB triplet> color the RGB triplet. See 'Data Type
Designators' in section 5 for the
syntax of an RGB triplet.
Available In
- check
- field
- list
- radio
- page global characteristics
- form global characteristics
Examples
These samples both set the border color to blue1.
labelbordercolor = ["blue1"];
labelbordercolor = ["0", "0", "255"];
Usage Notes
1) Default: black
------
5.24 labelborderwidth
The labelborderwidth option defines the width of the border around
the label specified in the label option. The unit of measurement
is pixels.
Syntax
labelborderwidth = <width>;
Expression Setting Description
<width> short int the width of the border
Available In
- check
- field
Universal Forms Description Language [page 132]
- list
- radio
- page global characteristics
- form global characteristics
Example
This sample sets the border width to 15 pixels.
labelborderwidth = "15";
Usage Notes
1) Default: zero pixels
------
5.25 labelfontcolor
The labelfontcolor option defines the font color for the label
specified in the label option.
Syntax
labelfontcolor = [<color name>];
labelfontcolor = [<RGB triplet>];
Note: Either format is acceptable.
Expression Setting Description
<color name> color the color name
<RGB triplet> color the RGB triplet. See 'Data Type
Designators' on page 116 for the
syntax of an RGB triplet.
Available In
- check
- field
- list
- radio
- page global characteristics
- form global characteristics
Examples
labelfontcolor = ["green1"];
labelfontcolor = ["0", "255", "0"];
Usage Notes
1) Default: black
------
5.26 labelfontinfo
The labelfontinfo option defines the font name, point size, and
font characteristics for the label specified in the label option.
Syntax
Universal Forms Description Language [page 133]
labelfontinfo = [<font name>, <point size>, <weight>, <effects>,
<form>];
Note: <weight>, <effects> and <form> are optional.
Expression Setting Description
<font name> string the name of the font
<point size> short int the size of the font
<weight> "plain" use plain face
"bold" use bold face
<effects> "underline" underline the text
<form> "italics" use the italic form
Available In
- check
- field
- list
- radio
- page global characteristics
- form global characteristics
Example
This sample sets the font information to Palatino 12, plain
(the default), underlined.
labelfontinfo = ["Palatino", "12", "underline"];
Usage Notes
1) See the section on fontinfo for the usage notes.
------
5.27 mimedata
The mimedata option contains the actual data associated with a data
item or a signature item. It can be binary data or the contents of
an enclosed file. The data is encoded in base64 format, so that
even forms containing binary data can be viewed in a text editor.
When the data is needed by the form, it is decoded automatically
from base64 back to its native format.
About mimedata in signature items
The mimedata contains the contents of a signature. A UFDL generator
should create it as follows:
1) Using the signature filter instructions in the associated
signature button, create a plain-text version of the form or
portion of the form to be signed.
2) Using the instructions in the signature button's signformat
option, create a hash of the plain-text description.
3) Sign the hash with the signer's private key.
4) Include the signed hash and the signer's public key in the
Universal Forms Description Language [page 134]
mimedata option.
Syntax
mimedata = <data>;
Expression Setting Description
<data> string the binary data or enclosed file
contents
Available In
- data
- signature
Example
This sample assigns some encoded data to the mimedata option.
Notice the quotation marks surrounding each segment of the data.
mimedata =
"R0lGODdhYABPAPAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAYABPAAAC/4SPqcvtD02Y"
"Art68+Y7im7ku2KkzXnOzh9v7qNw+k+TbDoLFTvCSPzMrS2YzmTE+";
This sample shows a mimedata option in a digital signature.
empSignature = new signature
{
signformat = "application/uwi_form";
signer = "Jane D Smith, jsmith@insurance.com";
signature = "PAGE1.empSignature";
signitemrefs = ["omit", "PAGE1.mgrSigButton",
PAGE1.admSigButton",
"PAGE1.empSignature", "PAGE1.mgrSignature",
"PAGE1.admSignature"];
signoptions = ["omit", "triggeritem", "coordinates"];
mimedata = "MIIFMgYJKoZIhvcNACooIIFIzCCBR8CAQExDzANBgkg"
"AQUFADALB\ngkqhkiG9w0BBwGgggQZMCA36gAwSRiADjdhfHJl"
"6hMrc5DySSP+X5j\nANfBGSOI\n9w0BAQQwDwYDVQQHEwhJbn"
"Rlcm5ldDEXMBUGA1UEChM\nOVmVyaVNpZ24sIEluYy4xNDAKn"
"1ZlcmlTaWduIENsYXNzIDEgQ0Eg\nLSJbmRdWFsIFN1YnNjcmliy"
"ZXIwHhcNOTgwMTI3MwMDAwOTgwM\M1OTU5WjCCARExETA";
}
Usage Notes
1) Default: none
2) Base64 encoding transforms the data into a format that can be
processed easily by text editors, email applications, etc.
Converting data to base64 format ensures the resulting string
contains no characters requiring an escape sequence.
3) For signatures: Because the signer's public key is included in
the mimedata, a subsequent program can verify a signature
without requiring that to the signer's key be previously
installed.
------
Universal Forms Description Language [page 135]
5.28 mimetype
The mimetype option defines the MIME type of the data stored in a
data item.
Syntax
mimetype = <MIME type>;
Expression Setting Description
<MIME type> string the MIME type of the data item
Available In
- data
Example
This sample sets the MIME type to indicate image data.
mimetype = "image/gif";
Usage Notes
1) Default: application/uwi_bin
2) Here are some examples of MIME types. For full information on
MIME types, read the MIME rfcs (1521, 1522 and 822). You can
find them on the World Wide Web.
MIME type Meaning
application/postscript Binary item
application/uwi_bin Binary item
application/uwi_form UFDL form item
application/uwi_nothing No data included
audio/basic Sound item
audio/wav Sound item
image/jpeg Image item
image/rast Image item
image/tiff Image item
image/png Image item
image/bmp Image item
text/plain ASCII text item
text/richtext Binary item
video/mpeg Video item
video/quicktime Video item
------
5.29 mouseover
The mouseover option specifies whether the mouse pointer is
currently over an item or page. This option is set by code outside
UFDL.
Syntax
mouseover = "<status>";
Universal Forms Description Language [page 136]
Expression Setting Description
<status> "on" mouse pointer is over item or page
"off" mouse pointer is not over item or
page
Available In
- button
- check
- combo
- field
- list
- popup
- tablet
- toolbar
- page settings
Example
The following example shows a button that changes its color to
white if it the mouse pointer is over it, and to blue if the
pointer is not over it.
saveButton = new button
{
type = "save";
value = "Save";
bgcolor = [mouseover=="on" ? "white" : "blue"];
}
Usage Notes
1) Default: off
2) An object's mouseover option is set to on when the mouse pointer
is over the object, and to off when the mouse pointer is not
over the object.
3) A page global mouseover option is set to on when the mouse
pointer is over the page (even if it is also over an item on
the page).
4) A mouseover option in a toolbar is set to on when the mouse
pointer is over the toolbar (even if it is also over an item
in the toobar).
5) The mouseover option is not included in form descriptions that
are is saved or transmitted.
------
5.30 next
The next option identifies the item to receive focus when a user
tabs ahead from the current item. If the specified item is on
another page, the new page appears with the item in focus. Only
modifiable items can receive focus.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 137]
See the section 'Defining Tabbing and Paging' in section 2.4o for
more information on tabbing.
Syntax
next = <item reference>;
Expression Setting Description
<item reference> string identifies the item to receive
focus next
Available In
- button
- check
- field
- list
- popup
- radio
- page global
- form global
Example
This sample points to the item address_field. When users tab ahead
from the current item, the item identified as address_field will
receive focus.
next = "address_field";
Usage Notes
1) Default tabbing order: depends on the order in which page and
item definitions occur within the form definition. The
sequence is:
- first page to display: first page defined in the form
- first item to receive focus: first modifiable item defined
for the body of the first page
- subsequent items to receive focus: each modifiable item on
the page in the order you define them
When you tab past the last item on the page, the first modifiable
item in the page's toolbar receives focus. If there is no toolbar,
focus returns to the first item.
2) Placing the next option in form characteristics defines the
first page to appear, and the first item to receive focus when
the form opens. Placing next in page characteristics defines the
first item to receive focus when the page appears.
3) If the next option identifies form or page characteristics,
focus moves to the item defined to receive focus when the form
or page appears. The form characteristics reference is
global.global. The page characteristics reference is global for
the current page or <page tag>.global for another page
------
5.31 previous
Universal Forms Description Language [page 138]
The previous option identifies the item to receive focus when a
user tabs backwards, using SHIFT + TAB, from the current item. If
the current item has a previous option, the item indicated in that
option is next in the reverse tab order. If the current item has
no previous option, the previous item in the build order that can
receive the input focus is next in the reverse tab order.
See the section 'Defining Tabbing and Paging' in section 2.4o for
more information on tabbing.
previous = <item reference>;
Expression Setting Description
<item reference> string identifies the item to receive
focus next
Available In
- button
- check
- combobox
- field
- list
- popup
- radio
- page global characteristics
- form global characteristics
Example
This sample points to the item date_field. When users tab back from
the current item, the item identified as date_field will receive
focus.
previous = "date_field";
Usage Notes
2) Default tabbing order: depends on the order in which page and
item definitions occur within the form definition. The
sequence is:
- first page to display: first page defined in the form
- first item to receive focus: first modifiable item defined
for the body of the first page
- subsequent items to receive focus: each modifiable item on
the page in the reverse order you define them
When you tab back past the first item on the page, the last
modifiable item in the page's toolbar receives focus. If there is
no toolbar, focus returns to the last item defined in the page.
4) Placing the previous option in form characteristics defines the
first page to appear, and the first item to receive focus when the
form opens. Placing previous in page characteristics defines the
first item to receive focus when the page appears.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 139]
If the previous option identifies form or page characteristics,
focus moves to the item defined to receive focus when the form
or page appears. The form characteristics reference is
global.global. The page characteristics reference is global for
the current page or <page tag>.global for another page.
------
5.32 printsettings
The printsettings option determines the settings that will be used
when the form is printed. You can allow the user to change these
defaults, or set the form so that it will always follow the
defaults.
Syntax
printsettings = [<page list>, <dialog settings>];
Notes:
i) All settings are optional.
Expression Setting Description
<page list> (see below) the list of pages that should be
printed
<dialog settings> (see below) determines whether the print
dialog is shown, and which settings
should be used when printing (for
example, paper orientation and
number of copies)
Available In
- action
- button
- cell
- page global characteristics
- form global characteristics
Page List
The page list uses the following syntax:
pages=["keep"|"omit", "<page tag 1>", "<page tag 2>", ...]
Setting Description
keep The pages listed will be printed. Any
other pages will not.
omit The pages listed will not be printed.
Any other pages will.
<page tag> The list of page tags indicates which
pages should be either kept or omitted.
Dialog Settings
The dialog settings use the following syntax
dialog=[active="on"|"off", orientation="portrait"|"landscape", copies="1"]
The settings work as follows:
Universal Forms Description Language [page 140]
Setting Description
active When "on", the print dialog will be
displayed before the form is printed,
allowing the user to change the settings.
When "off", the dialog will not be shown
and the form will be printed immediately.
orientation Determines whether the form will be
printed in "landscape" or "portrait"
orientation.
copies Determines the number of copies that will
be printed.
printpages See below.
Example
This sample omits "page2" from printing, sets the form to print in
landscape orientation, and causes two copies of the form to be
printed. The user is able to change all of these settings.
printsettings=[pages=["omit", "page2"], dialog=["on",
orientation="landscape", copies="2"]];
Usage Notes
1) Default Page List: the page list will default to keeping all
pages in the form.
2) Default Dialog Settings: the dialog will default to being "on",
and will print one copy of all pages in the form in a portrait
orientation. By default, the user will be able to change all of
these settings.
------
5.33 saveformat
The saveformat option specifies what format a form should be saved
in. A UFDL form can be saved in UFDL format, compressed UFDL
format, or HTML format.
UFDL format saves the entire form definition, including the user
input.
Compressed UFDL format saves the entire form description as a
compressed file using a gzip compression algorithm.
HTML format saves the form as a series of assignment statements for
each modifiable item, equating the item reference with the item's
value. The only items included in the save are custom items and the
following modifiable items: check, field, list, popup, radio.
Syntax
saveformat = <MIME type>;
Expression Setting Description
<MIME_type> "application/uwi_form" use UFDL format
Universal Forms Description Language [page 141]
"application/uwi_form;content- use compressed
encoding=\"gzip\"" UFDL format
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" use HTML format
Note: You cannot specify that HTML format files be compressed.
Available In
- button
- cell
Example
Example 1 - HTML format in a button
This example shows how to use saveformat in a save button.
save_button = new button
{
type = "save";
saveformat = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
}
When a user clicks this button, the form will be converted to HTML
format (see Usage Note 3 below) and saved to the user's drive.
Example 2 - Compressed UFDL format in form global characteristics
This example shows how to use saveformat as a form global
characteristic and to specify that the saved form be compressed.
version = "3.2.0";
bgcolor = ["ivory"];
saveformat = "application/uwi_form; content-encoding = \"gzip\"";
page_1 = new page
{
...
Any time a user saves this form, it will be saved in compressed
UFDL format.
A saveformat setting as a form global characteristic applies to all
save actions for the form. You can override the global setting for
specific save actions by coding a different saveformat option into
the item that initiates the save action. For example,
version = "3.2.0";
bgcolor = ["ivory"];
saveformat = "application/uwi_form; content-encoding = \"gzip\"";
page_1 = new page
{
save_button = new button
{
type = "save";
value = "Save Form";
Universal Forms Description Language [page 142]
saveformat = "application/uwi_form";
}
When the user saves the form by clicking the Save Form button, it
will be saved as an uncompressed UFDL form.
Note that the quotation marks around gzip must be escaped.
Usage Notes
1) Default: UFDL format (not compressed)
2) You can include this option as a form global option and in the
definitions of items that trigger save actions. These are button
or cell items that have a type option setting of save.
3) HTML Format by Item Type
The general syntax of a form saved in HTML format is:
<item reference>=<value>&< item reference>=<value>&...
Note: the ampersand separates form items.
The syntax of items saved in HTML format by type:
Item Type HTML Format
check <item tag>=<value option setting>
field <item tag>=<value option setting>
list <item tag>=
<value option setting of selected cell>
Note: <item reference> identifies the list.
<value option setting of selected cell>
Note: <item reference> identifies the popup.
radio <group option setting>=
<item tag of selected radio>
<custom> <item tag>=<value option setting>
Note: combo boxes cannot be saved in HTML format.
Substitutions and Omissions:
- Only modifiable items are saved as HTML data. You cannot save a
form in HTML format and expect to view it as a form again. It is
saved as a string of item tags and their associated values.
- Spaces in the value are replaced by the plus sign (+).
Two words' becomes 'Two+words'
- The membership operator in item and group references is replaced
by a minus sign.
'page_one.age_group' becomes 'page_one-age_group'
- Page tags are removed from item and group references in single
page forms.
- Check boxes and radio buttons with a value option setting of off
are omitted.
- Entries resulting in an empty string on the right hand side
of the assignment statement are omitted. This occurs when
Universal Forms Description Language [page 143]
the referenced option setting is empty or the option
definition is missing.
------
5.34 scrollhoriz
The scrollhoriz option defines horizontal scrolling options for a
field item.
Syntax
scrollhoriz = <option>;
Expression Setting Description
<option> "never" permit scrolling using the cursor but
display no horizontal scroll bar
"always" permit scrolling and display a
horizontal scroll bar
"wordwrap" wrap field contents from line to
line, inhibit scrolling and display
no horizontal scroll bar
Available In
- field
Example
This sample sets the horizontal scrolling option to permit
scrolling and to display the horizontal scroll bar.
scrollhoriz = "always";
Usage Notes
1) Default: never
2) The scroll bar displays along the field's bottom edge.
------
5.35 scrollvert
The scrollvert option defines vertical scrolling options for a
field item.
Syntax
scrollvert = <option>;
<option> "never" permit scrolling using the cursor but
display no vertical scroll bar
"always" permit scrolling and display a
vertical scroll bar
"fixed" inhibit scrolling and display no
vertical scroll bars
Available In
Universal Forms Description Language [page 144]
- field
Example
This sample sets the vertical scrolling option to inhibit all
scrolling.
scrollvert = "fixed";
Usage Notes
1) Default: never
2) The scroll bar displays along the field's right edge.
------
5.36 signature
The signature option is used in conjunction with the button item
to establish the UFDL item name by which a particular digital
signature will be identified.
Syntax
signature = <name of signature>;
Expression Setting Description
<name of signature> string the name of the signature
Available In
- button
- signature
Example
This sample identifies the signature item for a particular button
as "mysig".
signature = "mysig";
Usage Notes
1) Default: none
2) The signature option must be included in each Signature button
that is set up.
3) For more information on filtering, see "Filters"
------
5.37 signdatagroups
The signdatagroups option specifies which datagroups are to be
filtered for a particular digital signature. (Filtering means
either keeping or omitting data.) Keeping a datagroup means
keeping or omitting all items containing that datagroup name, even
if they were added after the form was created. This is how
enclosures are signed.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 145]
Syntax
signdatagroups = [<datagroup filter>, <datagroup reference>,
... <datagroup referencen>];
Note: The number of <datagroup reference> entries is optional.
Expression Setting Description
<datagroup filter> "keep" include datagroups in the
<datagroup reference> list with
the signature; omit those not in
list
"omit" omit datagroups in the
<datagroup reference> list from
the signature; include those not
in list
<datagroup reference> string identifies a datagroup
Available In
- button
- signature
Example
This example specifies a signdatagroups option that keeps the
datagroup called "Business_Letters".
signdatagroups = ["keep", "Business_Letters"];
Usage Notes
1) Default: keep
2) Since enclosed files can belong to several datagroups, and
datagroups can contain several enclosed files, care must be
exercised when setting up signdatagroups options to ensure that
only the desired datagroups are filtered.
3) See "Order of Precedence of Filters" on page 48 for further
information on filtering.
------
5.38 signer
The signer option identifies who signed a particular form.
Syntax
signer = <identity of user>;
Expression Setting Description
<identity of user> string identity of user
Available In
- button
- signature
Universal Forms Description Language [page 146]
Example
In this example, signer is similar to a user's email signature,
clearly identifying who signed the form.
signer = "John Smith jsmith@acme.org";
Usage Notes
1) The setting of the signer option varies, depending on where the
signature is from. Using different certificate authorities may
produce different results.
2) The signer option is automatically generated by the signature
button when the user signs the form. It goes automatically into
both the signature button code and the signature code. No manual
coding is required.
------
5.39 signformat
The signformat option records the type of encoding that a Viewer
should use to create the mimedata setting in a signature.
Specifically, the parameters in signformat specify:
- the MIME type of the data from which the mimedata setting is
created (see below for an explanation).
- the cryptographic service provider to use when creating a hash
of the signed data.
- the type of implementation of the cryptographic service provider
(for example, full implementation, only one algorithm supported,
etc.)
- the algorithm to use when creating a hash of the signed data.
About the mimedata setting:
To create the mimedata setting, a Viewer takes the signer's
certificate and a plaintext representation of the form or portion
of the form that the signature applies to, and encodes them
according to the settings in signformat. For details, see the
mimedata option description.
Syntax
signformat = "<MIMEtype>;csp=\"<csp>\";csptype=<csptype>;
hashalg=<alg>";
Expression Setting Description
<MIMEtype> string the MIME type of the signed data.
Must be application/uwi_form.
<csp> string the cryptographic service provider
to use. Must be a string enclosed in
escaped double-quotation marks. The
string is pre-defined by the crypto
API.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 147]
<csptype> string or the type of implementation of the
csp-defined crytographic service provider. For
number allowed types, see the list in
<alg> string the hash algorithm to use
Available In
- button
- signature
Example
empSigButton = new button
{
type = "signature";
value = signer;
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
signformat = "application/uwi_form;csp=\"Microsoft Base
Cryptographic Provider v1.0\";csptype=rsa_full;hashalg=sha1";
signoptions = ["omit", "triggeritem", "coordinates"];
signitemrefs = ["omit", "PAGE1.mgrSigButton",
"PAGE1.admSigButton", "PAGE1.empSignature",
"PAGE1.mgrSignature", "PAGE1.admSignature"];
signature = "empSignature";
}
Usage Notes
1) A UFDL Viewer automatically copies the signformat option from a
signature button to its associated signature item.
2) You must escape the quotation marks around the name of the
cryptographic service provider. Escape them using the
backslash (\).
3) The list below describes the settings you may use for the
csptype parameter. (Note that you may also use a numeric value,
as described below the table.)
Setting Meaning
rsa_full Full RSA implementation (this is the default)
rsa_sig For a CSP that supplies only RSA signature
algorithms
dss For a CSP that supplies algorithms compliant
with the Digital Signature Standard
dss_dh For a CSP that supplies DSS compliant algorithms
and Diffie-Hellman encryption
fortezza For a CSP that supplies Fortezza algorithms
4) Instead of using one of the settings in the table above for
csptype, you may use the numeric value that is defined for it in
the cryptographic API. For example, csptype=dss and csptype=3
produce the same result.
------
5.40 signgroups
Universal Forms Description Language [page 148]
The signgroups option specifies which groups of items are to be
filtered for a particular digital signature. (Filtering means
either keeping or omitting items.) Examples of grouped items are
radio buttons and cells.
Syntax
signgroups = [<group filter>, <group reference>, ...
<group referencen>];
Note: The number of <group reference> entries is optional.
Expression Setting Description
<group filter> "keep" include groups of items in the <group
reference> list with the signature;
omit those not in list
"omit" omit groups of items in the <group
reference> list from the signature;
include those not in list
<group reference> string identifies a group of items
Available In
- button
- signature
Example
This example shows a signgroups setting that omits the groups of
items named "yesnoradiobuttons" and "monthlypaycells".
signgroups = ["omit", "yesnoradiobuttons", "monthlypaycells"];
Usage Notes
1) Default: keep
2) It is possible to have several list or popup items with the same
group reference, as these are populated with cells that have the
same group reference as the item which contains them. Therefore,
when setting up signgroups options, caution must be exercised
in making group references to list or popup items which may be
populated by the same group of cells.
3) See "Order of Precedence of Filters" in section 2.7 for further
information on filtering.
------
5.41 signitemrefs
The signitemrefs option specifies which individual items are to be
filtered for a particular digital signature. (Filtering means
either keeping or omitting data.)
Syntax
signitemrefs = [<item filter>, <item reference>, ...
<item referencen>];
Universal Forms Description Language [page 149]
Note: The number of <item reference> entries is optional.
Expression Setting Description
<item filter> "keep" include items in the <item reference>
list with the signature; omit those
not in list
"omit" omit items in the <item reference>
list from the signature; include
those not in list
<item reference> string specifies the item to be filtered
Available In
- button
- signature
Example
This sample sets the signitemrefs option to omit two fields from
the digital signature.
signitemrefs = ["omit", "field1", "page1.field2"];
Usage Notes
1) Default: keep
2) Since all items have a name and type, signitemrefs filters are
always applicable.
3) signitemrefs filters take precedence over signitems filters.
4) See "Order of Precedence of Filters" for further information
on filtering.
------
5.42 signitems
The signitems option specifies which types of items are to be
filtered for a particular digital signature. (Filtering means
either keeping or omitting data.)
Syntax
signitems = [<item filter>, <item type>, ... <item typen>];
Note: The number of <item type> entries is optional.
Expression Setting Description
<item filter> "keep" include types of items in the <item
type> list with the signature; omit
"omit" omit types of items in the <item
type> list from the signature;
include those not in list
<item type> string specifies the type of item to be
filtered
Available In
Universal Forms Description Language [page 150]
- button
- signature
Example
This sample sets the signitems option to keep the following types
of items with the signature: boxes, buttons, and fields.
signitems = ["keep", "box", "button", "field"];
Usage Notes
1) Default: keep
2) A signitems setting can be overridden by a signoptions setting,
in terms of the order of precedence.
3) See "Order of Precedence of Filters" in section 2.7 for further
information on filtering.
------
5.43 signoptionrefs
The signoptionrefs option specifies which individual options are
to be filtered for a particular digital signature. (Filtering
means either keeping or omitting a piece of data.) This option
should be used in conjunction with a signoptions option also
appearing in the filter.
Syntax
signoptionrefs = [<option filter>, <option reference>, ...
<option referencen>];
Note: The number of <option reference> entries is optional.
Expression Setting Description
<option filter> "keep" include options in the <option
reference> list with the signature;
omit those not in list
"omit" omit options in the <option reference>
list from the signature; include those
not in list
<option reference> string specifies the option to be filtered
Available In
- button
- signature
Example
This example specifies a signoptionrefs setting that keeps a
particular field with the digital signature.
signoptionrefs = ["keep", "page1.field1.value"];
Note: the page name can be dropped if the option in question is
on the same page, but the item name should not be dropped.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 151]
Usage Notes
1) Default: keep
2) Note that unlike signoptions, the signoptionrefs filter can
cause an item to be included even if the item filters would
normally omit the item. This is necessary in order to ensure
that the hashed text is in valid UFDL format.
3) Signoptionrefs filters take precedence over signoptions filters.
4) See "Order of Precedence of Filters" in section 2.7 for further
information on filtering.
------
5.44 signoptions
The signoptions option specifies which types of options are to be
filtered for a particular digital signature. (Filtering means
either keeping or omitting a piece of data.)
Syntax
signoptions = [<option filter>, <option type>, ...
<option typen>];
Note: The number of <option type> entries is optional.
<option filter> "keep" include types of options in the <option
type> list with the signature; omit
those not in list
"omit" omit types of options in the <option
type> list from the signature; include
those not in list
<option type> string specifies the type of option to be
filtered
Available In
- button
- signature
Example
This example shows a signoptions setting that omits two types of
options from the digital signature.
signoptions = ["omit", "url", "printsettings"];
Usage Notes
1) Default: keep
2) One signoptions setting that must always be specified is as
follows:
signoptions = ["omit", "triggeritem", "coordinates"];
Universal Forms Description Language [page 152]
This setting ensures that the signature will not be broken due
to an alteration to the form.
3) signoptions can be overridden by a signoptionrefs setting.
4) See "Order of Precedence of Filters" in section 2.7 for further
information on filtering.
------
5.45 size
The size option specifies an item's size. It does not include
external labels, borders or scroll bars. These are part of the
bounding box size which is calculated automatically. The size unit
of measurement is characters.
Examples of item size are the input area in a field item or the
height and width of the label in label and button items.
See 'Item Size' in section 2.4e for a discussion of item and
bounding box sizes.
Syntax
size = [<width>, <height>];
Expression Setting Description
<width> short int the horizontal dimension of the item
<height> short int the vertical dimension of the item
Available In
- box
- button
- check
- field
- label
- line
- list
- popup
- radio
- spacer
- tablet
Example
This sample sets the item's size to 80 characters wide by five
characters high.
size = ["80", "5"];
Usage Notes
2) Size and Font:
Universal Forms Description Language [page 153]
The width may not always accommodate the number of characters
you specify. The calculation to determine actual width is:
'average character width for the item's font' X <width>
This will only exactly match the number of characters the item
can display horizontally when the font is mono-spaced
(like Courier).
3) If either the height or the width is invalid, the default item
size will be used. A dimension of zero (0) is invalid for all
items except line.
4) The item and bounding box sizes can be changed by using
itemlocation with an expansion or extent modifier.
------
5.46 thickness
The thickness option specifies the thickness of a line. The unit
of measurement is pixels.
Syntax
thickness = <thickness>;
Expression Setting Description
<thickness> short int the thickness of the line
Available In
- line
Example
Example 1
This sample defines a horizontal line 40 characters long and five
pixels thick.
size = ["40", "0"];
thickness = "5";
Example 2
This sample defines a vertical line 20 characters long and 10
pixels thick.
size = ["0", "20"];
thickness = "10";
Usage Notes
1) Default: one pixel
2) Use size to define the dimension of a line in one direction
(height or width) and thickness to define the dimension in the
other direction. The dimension thickness defines must be set to
zero in size.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 154]
3) The line's thickness can be changed by using itemlocation with
an expansion modifier for the dimension that thickness
describes.
------
5.47 transmitdatagroups
This is one of the transmit-family of options that allow you to
filter form submissions. This option lists which datagroups of
items should be kept or omitted from a transmission.
For example, if transmitdatagroups specifies that the datagroup
called enclosures should be kept in the transmission, then all
items with a datagroup setting of enclosures will be transmitted
(unless other filters of greater precedence exclude them).
This filter applies only to items for which it is valid to have a
datagroup option (action, button, cell, data).
For details on the order of precedence of filters, see "Order of
Precedence of Filters" in section 2.7.
Syntax
transmitdatagroups = [<transmit flag>, <datagroup identifier1>,
... <datagroup identifiern>];
Note: There may be zero or more <datagroup identifier> entries.
Expression Setting Description
<transmit flag> "keep" keep items with a datagroup setting
specified in the <datagroup
identifier> list; omit those with
a datagroup setting not included in
the list
"omit" omit items with a datagroup setting
specified in the <datagroup
identifier> list; keep those with a
group setting not in the list
<datagroup string the name of a datagroup setting
identifier>
Available In
- button
- cell
Examples
This sample specifies that only the items with a datagroup setting
of enclosures should be transmitted.
transmitdatagroups = ["keep", "enclosures"];
This sample specifies that all items except those with a datagroup
setting of other should be kept in the transmission.
transmitdatagroups = ["omit", "other"];
Universal Forms Description Language [page 155]
Usage Notes
1) The default is to keep all datagroups in the form.
For details on the order of precedence of filters, see "Order of
Precedence of Filters" in section 2.7.
------
5.48 transmitformat
The transmitformat option specifies the format of the form data
submitted to a processing application. A UFDL form can submit data
in UFDL format, compressed UFDL format, or in HTML format.
UFDL format is the entire form definition, including user input,
unless you use the options transmit, transmititems, and
transmitoptions to omit some items and options from the form
submission.
HTML format is just an assignment statement for each item equating
the item reference with the item's value. The only items included
are modifiable items, custom items, and items with a transmit
option setting of all.
If you specify that a UFDL format submission should be compressed,
it will be compressed using a gzip compression algorithm.
Note: Form and page global characteristics are sent only if the
format is UFDL.
Syntax
transmitformat = <MIME_type>;
Expression Setting Description
<MIME_type> "application/uwi_form" use UFDL format
"application/uwi_form;content- use compressed UFDL
encoding=\"gzip\"" format
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded" use HTML form
format
Note: You cannot specify that data in HTML form format be
compressed.
Available In
- action
- button
- cell
- form global characteristics
Examples
Example 1 - UFDL format
This example shows a button which, when clicked, will submit the
Universal Forms Description Language [page 156]
form in UFDL format.
send_button = new button
{
type = "done";
url = ["mailto:user@host.domain"];
transmitformat = "application/uwi_form";
}
When a user clicks the button, the entire form definition will be
submitted, unless other transmit options specify a partial
submission.
Example 2 - Compressed UFDL format specified in form global
This example shows how to use the transmitformat option as a form
global option. Here, it specifies that data should be submitted in
compressed UFDL format.
version = "3.2.0";
bgcolor = ["ivory"];
transmitformat = "application/uwi_form; content-encoding=\"gzip\"";
page_1 = new page
{
When a submit or done action is activated in the form, the data
will be sent in compressed UFDL format. When transmitformat appears
as a form global characteristic, it applies to all submissions from
the form. You can override it for a particular submission if you
place a transmitformat setting in the item that initiates the
submission.
Note that the quotation marks around gzip must be escaped.
Example 3 - HTML form format
This sample shows an automatic action that submits form data in
HTML form format.
status_action = new action
{
type = "submit";
url = ["http://www.host.domain/cgi-bin/recvStatus"];
transmitformat = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
delay = ["repeat", "180"];
}
Every 180 seconds, the form definition will be converted to HTML
form format as specified in Usage Note 4. Other transmit options
could override the choice of items to include in an HTML form
(see Usage Notes 5 and 6).
Usage Notes
1) Default: UFDL format (not compressed)
2) You can include this option as a form global option and in the
definitions of items that trigger form submissions. These items
Universal Forms Description Language [page 157]
have a type option setting of submit or done.
3) HTML Format by Item Type
The general syntax of a submitted HTML form is:
<item reference>=<value>&< item reference>=<value>&...
Note: the ampersand separates form items.
The syntax of an HTML form entry by item type:
Item Type HTML Format
check <item tag>=<value option setting>
field <item tag>=<value option setting>
list <item tag>=
<value option setting of selected cell>
Note: <item reference> identifies the list.
popup <item tag>=
<value option setting of selected cell>
Note: <item reference> identifies the popup.
radio <group option setting>=
<item tag of selected radio>
<custom> <item tag>=<value option setting>
all other items <item tag>=<value option setting>
Note: combo boxes are not supported in HTML.
Substitutions and Omissions:
- Spaces in the value are replaced by the plus sign (+).
'Two words' becomes 'Two+words'
- The membership operator in item and group references is
replaced by a minus sign.
'page_one.age_group' becomes 'page_one-age_group'
- Page tags are removed from item and group references in
single page forms.
- Check boxes and radio buttons with a value option setting of
off are omitted.
- Entries resulting in an empty string on the right hand side
of the assignment statement are omitted. This occurs when the
referenced option setting is empty or the option definition
is missing.
4) Partial Submissions
Just as you can specify partial submissions when transmitting
data in UFDL format, you can also specify partial submissions
when transmitting data in HTML format. Use the transmit and
transmititems options.
Use the transmitoptions option for HTML formatted submissions
with caution. If you omit the options used for HTML format, then
items requiring those options are omitted also.
For example, if the trigger item's definition included the
following pair of statements, the form submission would contain
only radio item entries (all other entries use a value option
setting).
transmitformat = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
Universal Forms Description Language [page 158]
transmitoptions = ["omit", "value"];
5) HTML Considerations
The functionality of UFDL forms differs somewhat from HTML
forms. Those differences are:
- Enclosures
HTML does not support enclosures. To submit enclosed form
data, use UFDL format.
- Item tags
UFDL allows a smaller set of characters in item tags than
HTML does. UFDL item tags support the following characters:
a-z, A-Z, 0-9, and the underscore ( _ ).
- Check boxes
UFDL check boxes vary slightly from HTML check boxes. UFDL
check boxes are independent items; HTML check boxes are
grouped together using the same format as radio items. When
a UFDL form is submitted in HTML format, the submission will
contain an entry for each check box.
------
5.49 transmitgroups
This is one of the transmit-family of options that allow you to
filter form submissions. This option lists which groups of items
should be kept or omitted from a transmission.
For example, if transmitgroups specifies that the group called
countries should be kept in the transmission, then all items with
a group setting of countries will be transmitted (unless other
filters of greater precedence exclude them).
This filter applies only to items for which it is valid to have a
group option (cell, combobox, list, popup, radio).
For details on the order of precedence of filters, see "Order of
Precedence of Filters"
Syntax
transmitgroups = [<transmit flag>, <group identifier1>,
... <group identifiern>];
Note: There may be zero or more <group identifier> entries.
Expression Setting Description
<transmit flag> "keep" keep items with a group setting
specified in the <group identifier>
list; omit those with a group setting
not included in the list
"omit" omit items with a group setting
specified in the <group identifier>
list; keep those with a group setting
not in the list
<group identifier> string the name of a group setting
Universal Forms Description Language [page 159]
Available In
- action
- button
- cell
Examples
This sample specifies that only the items in the countries and
departments groups should be kept in the transmission.
transmitgroups = ["keep", "countries", "departments"];
This sample specifies that all groups should be kept in the
transmission except the fillType group.
transmitgroups = ["omit", "fillType"];
Usage Notes
1) The default is to keep all groups in the form.
2) This option is handy for keeping the user's selection in lists
and popups. Since the value setting of a popup or list is not
the value of the cell the user chose, but is rather the item
tag of the cell containing the value, you might want to make
sure you keep the selected cell in the transmission so that you
can dynamic option reference its value. To do this, you would
keep the group of cells associated with the popup's group.
For details on the order of precedence of filters, see "Order
of Precedence of Filters"
------
5.50 transmititemrefs
This is one of the transmit-family of options that allow you to
filter form submissions. This option lists which specific items
should be kept or omitted from a transmission. It differs from
transmititems in that transmititems specifies particular types of
items to filter, whereas transmititemrefs refers to one or more
specific items.
For example, if transmititemrefs specifies that the item
page1.MgrSignButton should be kept in the transmission, then even
if a transmititems filter says all buttons should be omitted from
the form, the particular button on page 1 named MgrSignButton would
be kept.
For details on the order of precedence of filters, see "Order of
Precedence of Filters"
Syntax
transmititemrefs = [<transmit flag>, <item identifier1>,
... <item identifiern>];
Note: There may be zero or more <item identifier> entries.
Expression Setting Description
Universal Forms Description Language [page 160]
<transmit flag> "keep" keep the specific items referred to in
the <item identifier> list; omit all
other items
"omit" omit the specific items referred to in
the <item identifier> list; keep all
others
<item identifier> string the item reference of an item,
starting with the page tag
Available In
- action
- button
- cell
Examples
This sample specifies that only the item on page 1 called
MgrSignButton should be transmitted, and that all other items
should be omitted.
transmititemrefs = ["keep", "page1.MgrSignButton"];
This sample shows how you would use transmititemrefs in
conjunction with transmititems: although all items that are
buttons are omitted, the button on page 1 called MgrSignButton will
be kept.
transmititems = ["omit", "button"];
transmititemrefs = ["keep", "page1.MgrSignButton"];
Usage Notes
2) The default is to keep all items in the form.
3) The setting of a transmititemrefs always overrides a
transmititems setting.
4) The setting of a transmitoptionrefs always overrides a
transmititemrefs setting.
For full details on the order of precedence of filters, see
"Order of Precedence of filters" in section 2.7.
------
5.51 transmititems
This option lists the types of items to include in or omit from the
form data submitted to a form processing application. Include this
option in the definitions of items that trigger form submissions.
These trigger items have a type option setting of submit or done.
Syntax
transmititems = [<transmit flag>, <item type1>, ... <item typen>];
Note: The number of <item type> entries is optional.
Expression Setting Description
<transmit flag> "keep" include items with an item type from
Universal Forms Description Language [page 161]
the <item type> list; omit those not
in list
"omit" omit items with an item type from the
<item type> list; include those not
in list
<item type> string a type of item
Available In
- action
- button
- cell
Example
This sample specifies that box, help, label, spacer, and toolbar
items should be omitted from the form data submitted to the form
processing application.
transmititems = ["omit", "box", "help", "spacer", "toolbar"];
Usage Notes
1) The default is to keep all items.
2) See the transmititemsrefs description for information on how to
keep or omit a specific item (as opposed to a type of item).
5.52 transmitoptionrefs
This is one of the transmit-family of options that allow you to
filter form submissions. This option lists which specific options
should be kept or omitted from a transmission. It differs from
transmitoptions in that transmitoptions specifies particular types
of options to filter, whereas transmitoptionrefs refers to one or
more specific options.
For example, if transmitoptionrefs specifies that the option
page1.NameField.value should be kept in the transmission, then even
if a transmitoptions filter says all value options should be
omitted from the form, the particular value option in the field on
page 1 called NameField will be kept.
For details on the order of precedence of filters, see "Order of
Precedence of Filters" in section 2.7.
Syntax
transmitoptionrefs = [<transmit flag>, <option identifier1>,
... <option identifiern>];
Note: There may be zero or more <option identifier> entries.
Expression Setting Description
<transmit flag> "keep" keep the specific options referred to
in the <option identifier> list; omit
all other options
"omit" omit the specific options referred to
Universal Forms Description Language [page 162]
in the <option identifier> list; keep
all others
<option identifier> string the option reference of an option,
starting with the page tag
Available In
- action
- button
- cell
Examples
This sample shows how you would use transmitoptionrefs in
conjunction with transmitoptions: although all options that are
values are omitted, the value in the NameField on page 1 will be
kept.
transmitoptions = ["omit", "value"];
transmitoptionrefs = ["keep", "page1.NameField.value"];
This sample shows how you would use transmitoptionrefs in
conjunction with transmititemrefs: although the item called
MgrSignButton on page 1 is omitted, its signer option is kept
transmititemrefs = ["omit", "MgrSignButton"];
transmitoptionrefs = ["keep", "page1.MgrSignButton.signature"];
Usage Notes
5) The default is to keep all options in the form.
For details on the order of precedence of filters, see "Order
of Precedence of Filters" in section 2.7.
------
5.53 transmitoptions
This option lists which options to include in or omit from the
form data submitted to a form processing application. Include this
option in the definitions of items that trigger form submissions.
These trigger items have a type option setting of submit or done.
Only options meeting the following standard are affected by
transmitoptions:
- The option definition occurs in an item already included in the
form submission.
Note: The version option is always included in the submission
unless the format is HTML.
Syntax
transmitoptions = [<transmit flag>, <option identifier1>,
... <option identifiern>];
Note: The number of <option identifier> entries is optional.
Expression Setting Description
Universal Forms Description Language [page 163]
<transmit flag> "keep" include options with an option type
in the <option identifier> list;
omit those not in list
"omit" omit options with an option
identifier in the <option
identifier> list; include those not
in list
Tip: Transmitoptions does not affect options in items omitted by
the transmititems option.
Available In
- action
- button
- cell
Example
This sample specifies that only the active, mimedata, and value
options should be included in the form data submitted to the form
processing application.
transmitoptions = ["keep", "active", "mimedata", "value"];
Usage Notes
6) The default is to keep items.
7) See the transmitoptionrefs description for details on how to
keep or omit a specific option (as opposed to a type of option).
------
5.54 triggeritem
The triggeritem option identifies the item that triggered a form
submission. Items triggering form submissions have a type option
setting of submit or done.
When a user selects an item that triggers a form submission, the
triggeritem option is added to the form global characteristics and
assigned the item reference of the selected item.
Syntax
triggeritem = <item reference>;
Expression Setting Description
<item reference> string identifies the trigger item
Available In
- form global characteristics
Example
This sample indicates that the item triggering the request is on
the page called Page_one and has an item tag of submit_button.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 164]
triggeritem = "Page_one.submit_button";
------
5.55 type
The type option associates a task type with an item that can
trigger a task: action, button, or cell.
Syntax
type = <task type>;
Expression Setting Description
<task type> (see below) the task to perform
Task Types
The <task type> can be any of the following:
Task Type Description of Task Use With
link Perform all requests specified by the action
url options in the current item. See button
the section 'url' for more details. cell
replace Perform a link followed by a cancel. action
cell
submit Initiate the form processing action
applications identified in the url button
options of the current item. cell
done Perform a submit followed by a cancel. action
button
cell
pagedone Move to the page specified in the url action
option. This closes the current page button
and replaces it with the new page. cell
All fields containing error checking
on the current page must be correctly
filled out before it can be closed.
cancel Close the form; if any changes were action
made to the form since the last save button
or submit, then the user is informed cell
that the form has changed and is
allowed to choose whether the
cancellation should proceed. Note that
the value options of many items, as
well as the contents of data items,
can change in response to an enclose
or remove action.
save Save the form in a file specified by action
Universal Forms Description Language [page 165]
the user. button
cell
select With cell items: flag the cell as button
selected when a user chooses the cell. cell
This means the item reference of the
cell is copied to the value option of
the parent list or popup.
With button items containing images:
store coordinates of the mouse click
position in the image into the
coordinates option
enclose Allows the user to place one or more button
files into one or more of the cell
datagroups defined for the form. The
files will be encoded using base64
encoding format.
extract Allows a user to copy the contents of button
an enclosed file into a file on the cell
local disk.
remove Allows the user to remove an item from button
a datagroup; the underlying data item cell
will only be deleted if it belongs to
no other datagroups.
display Display an enclosed file. Your web action
browser will choose the appropriate button
viewer according to the file's MIME cell
type.
print Print the form on a local printer. action
button
cell
signature Create a digital signature. button
Universal Forms Description Language [page 96]
Available In
- action
- button
- cell
Example
This sample specifies that this item saves the form to a local file.
type = "save";
Usage Notes
1) Default: link
------
Universal Forms Description Language [page 166]
5.56 url
The url option identifies an object to access. Items containing
this option must have a type option setting of link, replace,
submit, done, or pagedone.
The object identified can be any of the following:
* File - used with a type option setting of link or replace
The file identified is downloaded, and either displayed or
saved. Examples of such files are images, word processing
documents, and UFDL forms.
* Application - used with a type option setting of submit or
done
The application identified is initiated. A form processing
application is an example of such an application.
* Item - used with a type option setting of pagedone
The item identified, on the page identified, receives focus.
The item must be on another page.
* Form or Page Characteristics - used with a type option
setting of pagedone
The focus moves to the item defined to receive focus when the
form or page appears. The form characteristics reference is
global.global. The page characteristics reference is
<page tag>.global for another page.
Syntax
url = [<the URL1>, <the URL2>, ... <the URLn>];
where <the URL> is one of:
- a URL with the format <scheme://host.domain[:port]
/path/filename> for files and applications
- #<item reference> for the next item in the form to receive
focus
Notes:
I) <the URL> can occur 1-n times.
ii) <item reference> can be a form or page characteristics
reference.
Expression Setting Description
<the URL> string identifies the object to link
Available In
- action
- button
- cell
Example
This sample identifies a form processing application.
url = ["http://www.host.domain/cgi-bin/recv_status"];
This sample identifies a page to display and an item on it to
direct the focus to.
url = ["#page_2.expense_field"];
Usage Notes
Universal Forms Description Language [page 167]
1) Default: none
2) When a form communicates with a server, the information sent
may be URL-encoded. This means all non alpha-numeric characters
are replaced by a character triplet consisting of the %
character followed by two hexadecimal digits that form the
hexadecimal value of the original character. The hexadecimal
digits are "0123456789ABCDEF". For example,
Character ASCII Number URL-encoded triplet
\r 13 %0D
Applications receiving form data must check the content type of the
incoming data to see whether it is url-encoded.
------
5.57 value
The value option reflects the contents of an item. Visually, this
can take several forms, depending on the item to which it applies.
For example, the value option in label items contains the label
text; the value option in radio items contains the status
indicator; and the value option in list items contains the identity
of the most recently selected cell (if it was a select cell).
An item's contents will be stored in the form whenever a user saves
the form or submits it for processing. This is true even for
inactive items and items using the default value option setting
(in this case, a value option containing the default setting is
added to the item's definition).
Syntax
value = <setting>;
Expression Setting Description
<setting> string the item's contents
Available In
- button
- cell
- check
- field
- help
- label
- list
- popup
- radio
- tablet
Example
Universal Forms Description Language [page 168]
This sample identifies the text of a label item.
value = "My Form Title";
Usage Notes
1) Default: varies by item. See the documentation for each item.
2) Multiple line values require line breaks imbedded in the value
text. Use the escape sequence '\n' to indicate a line break.
For example:
value = "This value spans\ntwo lines.";
3) To get the value of a cell that a user has selected from a list,
you need to dereference it, like this:
<page_tag>.<list_tag>.value->value
For example:
page1.countryPopup.value->value
When a user selects a cell from a list, the item tag of the cell
is stored as the value of the list. Hence the dereference
syntax.
------
5.58 version
The version option specifies the Universal Forms Description
Language version used to code the form definition.
Note: This option must be the first statement in the form. It is
invalid in any other location.
Syntax
version = <version>;
Expression Setting Description
<version> string the UFDL version number.
Note: The version number must be coded as a quoted string. Other
expression formats are invalid in this statement.
Available In
- form global characteristics (mandatory)
This sample indicates the language in this form definition conforms
to UFDL version 3.2.0 specification.
version = "3.2.0";
Usage Notes
1) Important: Do not increase the version number of old forms
unless they have been modified to conform to the new version.
2) The format of a version number is m.n.r where:
Universal Forms Description Language [page 169]
i) m is the major version number
ii) n is the minor version number
iii) r is the maintenance release number
------
5.59 <custom option>
Custom options allow form designers to add application specific
information to the form definition. This is useful when submitting
forms to applications requiring non-UFDL information. An example of
non-UFDL information might be an SQL query statement.
Syntax
<custom> = [<expression1>, ... <expressionn>];
Note: <expression> can occur 1-n times.
Expression Setting Description
<expression> string an expression that assigns a value
to the option
Example
This sample shows a custom option containing an SQL query.
sql_query = ["SELECT NAME FROM EMPLOYEE WHERE ID = "];
This statement could be included in the definition of an item that
triggers a form submission. The form processing application might
then complete the statement with a value option setting from
another item, and use the statement results to populate a response
form.
Usage Notes
1) The naming conventions for a custom option are as follows:
- It must begin with an alphabetic character.
- It can contain any of the characters A-Z, a-z, 0-9, $ and
underscore.
- It must contain an underscore.
------
6. UFDL Form Viewer Directive
UFDL contains the following viewer directive statement:
- the #include statement for including external files
- the #optinclude statement for optionally including external
files
The syntax of a viewer directive statement is as follows:
#<directive> "<value>"
Do not terminate viewer directive statements with a semicolon.
See the section "UFDL Form Options" for syntax notation
conventions in section 5.0.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 170]
------
6.1 #include
The #include statement allows you to include external files in your
form definition much as you would include header files in a C
language source file. The form viewer application replaces the
#include statement with the contents of the include file before the
form appears.
Syntax
#include "<filename>"
Value Setting Description
<filename> string name of the include file
Example
This is an example of using an include file to add image data to
a form.
?
// Create a label to display the image.
LOGO_IMAGE = new label
{
image = "LOGO_DATA";
}
//
// Now include the image in the form.
#include "logo.frm"
?
This is the external file:
LOGO_DATA = new data
{
mimedata = "<image data>";
}
The form after resolution of the include:
?
// Create a label to display the image.
LOGO_IMAGE = new label
{
image = "LOGO_DATA";
}
//
// Now include the image in the form.
LOGO_DATA = new data
{
mimedata = "<image data>";
}
Universal Forms Description Language [page 171]
?
Usage Notes
1) You can code a #include statement anywhere in a form definition
except imbedded in another statement. You can also nest #include
statements.
2) The include file must reside in a secure include directory
accessible to the form viewer application.
3) Use include files to reduce form file size, and ensure
standardization of form definitions. Smaller files occupy less
space on the server and download more quickly
------
6.2 #optinclude
The #optinclude statement is a variation on the #include statement.
It allows you to include external files in your form definition
much as you would include header files in a C language source
file-without crashing your program if a file you attempt to include
is not available. The form viewer application replaces the
#optinclude statement with the contents of the optinclude file
before the form appears.
Syntax
#optinclude "<filename>"
Value Setting Description
<filename> string name of the optinclude file
Example
This is an example of using an optinclude file to add image data
to a form.
Here is the original form definition:
?
// Create a label to display the image.
{
image = "LOGO_DATA";
}
//
// Now include the image in the form.
#optinclude "logo.frm"
?
This is the external file:
LOGO_DATA = new data
{
Universal Forms Description Language [page 172]
mimedata = "<image data>";
}
The form after resolution of the include:
?
// Create a label to display the image.
LOGO_IMAGE = new label
{
image = "LOGO_DATA";
}
//
// Now include the image in the form.
LOGO_DATA = new data
{
mimedata = "<image data>";
}
?
Usage Notes
1) Employing the same syntax as #include, #optinclude is a
convenient alternative to #include, because:
- In a given pool of users, everyone can be sent the same form,
but certain users can have access to all its components while
others do not-but there is no risk of crashing for anyone.
- #optinclude saves server resources by making decisions on the
client side about which files are to be included.
2) The files to be included must reside in a secure directory on
the user's computer.
------
7. UFDL Functions
UFDL functions allow forms to perform procedural logic, and also
to perform complex operations that would normally require
complicated conditional statements to achieve.
Using functions in conjunction with conditional statements and user
events provides a means for creating extremely powerful Internet
form applications in a fairly simple and elegant manner.
Below is a simple example of using a UFDL function (in the
status_option line):
version = "4.0.0";
page1 = new page
{
field1 = new field
Universal Forms Description Language [page 173]
{
label = "Field 1";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = "high";
}
{
label = "Field 2";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
status_option = toggle(field1.value, "high", "low");
value = status_option=="1"?"Declined":"";
}
}
Explanation: The toggle function (used in the status_option option
line) returns a "1" if the value in field1 changes from high to
low. As a result, the value of field 2 will change to Declined, if
the toggle function returns a "1". Otherwise the value of the
second field will be empty.
Function Definition
Call a UFDL function much in the same way you would call a C or
Java function. The formal definition of a UFDL function is:
returnValue package.functionName([parameter])
Expression Description
returnValue a string or an array
package the name of the package that the function
belongs to; UFDL functions from this
specification are part of the system
package. All custom-made packages must
contain an underscore in their names.
functionName the name of the function
parameter a string or an array
Notes on the Functions
Position in Strings
When referring to the position of a character in a string, note
that the position of the first character in a string is at
position zero. For example:
This is a string
The capital T in the string above is at position zero.
Passing Literals and Option References
1) To pass a literal value into a function, surround it in
double-quotatation marks. For example:
Universal Forms Description Language [page 174]
str_length = strlen("This is a literal string");
2) To evaluate an option reference and pass its evaluated value
into a function, do not surround the option reference in
quotation marks. For example:
str_length = strlen(surnameField.value);
3) To pass an option reference into a function (without evaluating
it), surround the option reference in double-quotation marks.
For example:
auto_set = set("statusField.value", "Confirmed.");
A UFDL form will evaluate option references before a function runs,
unless the references are surrounded by quotation marks.
About Functions and Packages
Functions are compiled into packages, which must reside on the
desktop computer. The UFDL functions that are documented in this
specification must be compiled into a package called system. No
functions other than those documented here may be part of the
system package.
Form developers are free to develop their own packages of functions
to extend UFDL. Packages of custom-developed functions must contain
an underscore in their names. For example:
- extr_fun.ifx
About UFDL Functions
UFDL functions are divided into the following sections:
- String Functions
- Math Functions
- Utility Functions
- Time and Date Functions
------
7.1 String Functions
7.1a countLines
Description
Counts the number of lines that a string <string> would take up
over a given width <width>, and returns the number of lines. The
count assumes that the font is a monospaced font, and that the
line will be wrapped at the ends of words, and not in the middle of
words.
This function is useful if you need to dynamically size items into
which you want to insert a string. For example, if you want to
insert an entry from a database into a field on a form, you can
dynamically size the height of the field so that all of the text is
visible.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 175]
Note: The <width> must be a character-based width and not a
pixel-based width.
Call
countLines(<string>, <width>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<string> literal string the string to base the measurement
or option on
reference
<width> positive int the width, in monospaced
characters, to base the measurement
on
Returns
The number of lines, or "" (empty) if an error occurs.
Example
commentField = new field
{
label = "Comments";
itemlocation = [["below", "deptField"]];
size = ["50", countLines(value, "50")];
}
In the example above, the field's height will be set by the number
that countLines returns. The calculation is based on a
dynamically-generated value, and the field's set width (50).
------
7.1b replace
Description
Takes a string <string> and replaces a substring in it (marked by
<start> and <end>) with <newString>. Returns the resulting string.
If <start> is less than 0 then the substring will begin on the
first character of <string>. If <end> is greater than or equal to
the length of <string> then the substring will end on the last
character of <string>. If <newString> is not long enough (i.e.,
does not reach position <end>), replacement will end with the last
character of <newString>. If <newString> is too long (i.e.,
extends past position <end>), replacement will end on position
<end>.
An error occurs if <start> is greater than <end>, if either of
<start> and <end> is not a valid integer, or if <string> is empty.
Call
Universal Forms Description Language [page 176]
replace(<string>, <start>, <end>, <newString>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<string> literal string the original string (enclose
or option literal strings in double
reference quotation marks, do not enclose
option references in quotation
marks)
<start> int position of character at the start
of the substring (the first
character in <string> is zero)
<end> int position of character at the end of
the substring (the first character
in <string> is zero)
<newString> literal string the replacement string (enclose
or option literal strings in double
reference quotation marks, do not enclose
option references in quotation
marks)
Returns
The modified string, or "" (empty) if an error occurs.
Example
replaceField = new field
{
label = "Test replace()";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
id_value = replace(value, "3", "6", "east");
}
The result of replace in the above example would be "Go east,
young man!".
------
7.1c strlen
Description
Returns the length of <string>.
Call
strlen(<string>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<string> literal string the string (enclose literal strings
or option in double quotation marks, do not
Universal Forms Description Language [page 177]
reference enclose option references in
quotation marks)
Returns
A string containing the length.
Example
stringLengthField = new field
{
label = "The length of this label is:";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = strlen(label);
}
The result of strlen in the above example would be "28".
------
7.1d strmatch
Description
Determines if the wildcard string <wild> matches the non-wildcard
string <real> and returns the boolean result. See the format
forms option for a description of valid wildcards.
Call
strmatch(<wild>, <real>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<wild> literal string the wildcard string to match
or option (enclose literal strings in double
reference quotation marks, do not enclose
option references in quotation
marks)
<real> literal string the non-wildcard match string
or option (enclose literal strings in double
reference quotation marks, do not enclose
option references in quotation
marks)
Returns
A string containing "1" if a match occurs, "0" if no match occurs.
Example
testStrmatch = new field
{
label = "Test strmatch()";
Universal Forms Description Language [page 178]
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = "To be or not to be, etc.";
id_value = strmatch("?o be* ?o be*", value);
}
The result of strmatch in the above example would be "1".
------
7.1e strpbrk
Description
Returns the position of the first character from <string2> that is
found in <string1>.
Call
strpbrk(<string1>, <string2>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<string1> literal string the string (enclose literal strings
or option in double quotation marks, do not
reference enclose option references in
quotation marks)
<string2> literal string the string of characters (enclose
or option literal strings in double quotation
reference marks, do not enclose option
references in quotation marks)
Returns
A string containing the position, or "-1" if no matching
characters are found.
Example
testStrpbrk = new field
{
label = "testField";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = "To be or not to be, etc.";
id_value = strpbrk(value, "lLmMnNoOpP");
}
The result of strpbrk in the above example would be "9".
------
7.1f strrstr
Description
Returns the position of the first character of the last
occurrence of <string2> in <string1>.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 179]
Call
strrstr(<string1>, <string2>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<string1> literal string the string (enclose literal strings
or option in double quotation marks, do not
reference enclose option references in
quotation marks)
<string2> literal string the substring (enclose literal
or option strings in double quotation marks,
reference do not enclose option references
in quotation marks)
Returns
A string containing the position, or "-1" if no substring is found.
Example
testStrrstr = new field
{
label = "testField";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = "To be or not to be, etc.";
id_value = strrstr(value, "be");
}
The result of strrstr in the above example would be "16".
------
7.1g strstr
Description
Returns the position of the first character of the first occurrence
of <string2> in <string1>.
Call
strstr(<string1>, <string2>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<string1> literal string the string (enclose literal strings
or option in double quotation marks, do not
reference enclose option references in
quotation marks)
<string2> literal string the substring (enclose literal
or option strings in double quotation marks,
reference do not enclose option references
Universal Forms Description Language [page 180]
in quotation marks)
Returns
A string containing the position, or "-1" if no occurrence is
found.
Example
testStrstr = new field
{
label = "testField";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = "To be or not to be, etc.";
id_value = strstr(value, "be");
}
The result of strstr in the above example would be "3".
------
7.1h substr
Description
Returns the substring of <string> from the position indicated in
<start> through the position indicated in <end>. If <start> is
less than zero then the substring will begin on the first
character of <string>. If <end> is greater than or equal to the
length of <string> then the substring will end on the last
character of <string>.
An error occurs if <start> is greater than <end>, if either of
<start> and <end> is not a valid integer, or if <string> is empty.
Call
substr(<string>, <start>, <end>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<string> literal string the string (enclose literal strings
or option in double quotation marks, do not
reference enclose option references in
quotation marks)
<start> int position of character at the start
of the substring (the first
character in <string> is zero)
<end> int position of character at the end of
the substring (the first character
in <string> is zero)
Returns
Universal Forms Description Language [page 181]
The substring, or "" (empty) if an error occurs.
Example
surnameField = new field
{
label = "Surname";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = "Watson";
id_value = substr(value, "0", "4");
}
The result of substr in the above example would be "Watso".
------
7.1i tolower
Description
Returns the lower case of <string>.
Call
tolower(<string>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<string> literal string the original string (enclose
or option literal strings in double quotation
reference marks, do not enclose option
references in quotation marks)
Returns
The lower case string.
Example
tolowerField = new field
{
label = "Type in Here";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = "Hello!";
id_value = tolower(value);
}
The result of tolower in the above example would be "hello!".
------
7.1j toupper
Description
Returns the upper case of <string>.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 182]
Call
toupper(<string>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<string> literal string the original string (enclose
or option literal strings in double quotation
reference marks, do not enclose option
references in quotation marks)
Returns
The upper case string.
Example
toupperField = new field
{
label = "Type in Here";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = "Hello!";
id_value = toupper(value);
}
The result of toupper in the above example would be "HELLO!".
------
7.1k trim
Description
Returns a copy of <string> with all leading and trailing white
space (blanks, tabs, newlines, carriage returns) removed.
Call
trim(<string>)
Parameters
<string> literal string the original string (enclose
or option literal strings in double quotation
reference marks, do not enclose option
references in quotation marks)
Returns
The string with leading and trailing whitespace removed.
Example
Universal Forms Description Language [page 183]
trimField = new field
{
label = " Test trim() ";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = trim(label);
}
The result of trim in the above example would be "Test trim()".
------
7.1l URLDecode
Description
Returns a URL-decoded version of <string>.
Call
URLDecode(<string>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<string> literal string the original string (enclose
or option literal strings in double quotation
reference marks, do not enclose option
references in quotation marks)
Returns
The URL-decoded string.
Example
URLDecodeField = new field
{
label = " Test URLDecode";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = URLDecode("This%20is%20a%20line%0D");
}
The result of URLDecode in the above example would be "This is a
line\r".
------
7.1m URLEncode
Description
Returns a URL-encoded version of <string>.
Call
URLEncode(<string>)
Universal Forms Description Language [page 184]
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<string> literal string the original string (enclose
or option literal strings in double quotation
reference marks, do not enclose option
references in quotation marks)
Returns
The URL-encoded string.
Example
URLEncodeField = new field
{
label = " Test URLEncode";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
}
The result of URLEncode in the above example would be
"This%20is%20a%20line%0D".
------
7.2 Math Functions
7.2a abs
Description
Returns the absolute value of the number represented in <number>.
An error occurs if <number> is not a valid number.
Call
abs(<number>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<number> decimal number a number
Returns
A string containing the absolute of the number, or "" if an
error occurs.
Example
absTest = new field
{
label = "Test abs";
Universal Forms Description Language [page 185]
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = abs("-2341.23");
}
The result of abs in the above example would be "2341.23".
------
7.2b acos
Description
Returns the arc cosine of a number stored in <number>.
An error occurs if <number> is not a valid number or has absolute
value greater than 1.
Call
acos(<number>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<number> decimal number a number
Returns
A string containing the arc cosine, or "" if an error occurs.
Example
arccosineField = new field
{
label = " Test acos";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = acos("0.5");
}
------
7.2c annuity
Description
Returns the present value annuity factor for an ordinary annuity,
at a periodic interest rate indicated by <rate> over a number of
periods specified in <periods>. (Present value is the lump sum to
invest at <rate> in order to produce a set payment over <periods>.
An ordinary annuity provides the payment at the end of each period
specified in <periods>.)
You might use this function to figure out either:
- P, the present value (lump sum to invest)
- R, the periodic payment amount that you will receive
Universal Forms Description Language [page 186]
For your reference:
P = R * annuity_factor R = P / annuity_factor
An error occurs if <periods> is not a valid integer, or if
<rate> is 0.
Call
annuity(<rate>, <periods>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<rate> decimal number the rate of interest in decimal
form compounded each period
<periods> integer the number of periods
Returns
A string containing the present value annuity factor, or ""
if an error occurs.
Example
presentValueInv = new field
{
label = "The present value to invest is:";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = paymentField.value * annuity(".05", "7");
}
In the example above, annuity would return "5.786373", and, if the
desired payment entered into paymentField were $1, then the value
of presentValueInv would be $5.78. (That is, a person would have
to invest $5.78 at 5% for seven payments.)
------
7.2d asin
Description
Returns the arc sine of a number stored in <number>.
An error occurs if <number> is not a valid number or has an
absolute value greater than 1.
Call
asin(<number>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<number> decimal number a number
Universal Forms Description Language [page 187]
Returns
A string containing the arc sine, or "" if an error occurs.
Example
arcsineField = new field
{
label = " Test asin";
value = asin("0.5");
}
The result of asin in the above example would be "0.523599".
------
7.2e atan
Description
Returns the arc tangent of a number stored in <number>.
An error occurs if <number> is not a valid number.
Call
atan(<number>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<number> decimal number a number
Returns
A string containing the arc tangent, or "" if an error occurs.
Example
arctangentField = new field
{
label = " Test atan";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = atan("0.5");
}
The result of atan in the above example would be "0.463648".
------
7.2f ceiling
Description
Universal Forms Description Language [page 188]
Returns the ceiling of the number represented in <number>.
An error occurs if <number> is not a valid number.
Call
ceiling(<number>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<number> decimal number a number
Returns
A string containing the ceiling of the number, or "" if an error
occurs.
Example
ceilingTest = new field
{
label = "Test ceiling";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = ceiling("-19.6");
}
The result of ceiling in the above example would be "-19".
------
7.2g compound
Description
Returns the compound interest factor at a rate indicated by <rate>
over a number of periods specified in <periods>.
You might use this to calculate the total amount of a loan, by
multiplying an original principle by the result of compund. See
below for an example.
An error occurs if <periods> is not a valid integer.
Call
compound(<rate>, <periods>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<rate> decimal number the rate of interest in decimal
form compounded each period
<periods> integer the number of periods
Universal Forms Description Language [page 189]
Returns
A string containing the compound interest factor, or "" if an error
occurs.
Example
totalAmountField = new field
{
label = "Total Amount of Loan";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = principleField.value * compound(".1", "7");
}
The result of compound in the above example would be "1.948717".
The value of the field would then be 1.948717 x the amount in the
field called principleField.
------
7.2h cos
Description
Returns the cosine of an angle stored in <angle> and expressed
in radians.
An error occurs if <angle> does not contain a valid angle.
Call
cos(<angle>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<angle> decimal number the angle in radians
Returns
A string containing the cosine, or "" if an error occurs.
Example
cosineField = new field
{
label = " Test cos";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = cos("2");
}
The result of cos in the above example would be "-0.416147".
------
7.2i deg2rad
Universal Forms Description Language [page 190]
Description
Returns the number of radians in an angle expressed in degrees
stored in <angle>.
An error occurs if <angle> does not contain a valid angle.
Call
deg2rad(<angle>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<angle> decimal number the angle in degrees
Returns
A string containing the number of radians, or "" if an error
occurs.
Example
deg2radField = new field
{
label = " Test deg2rad";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = deg2rad("114.591559");
}
The result of deg2rad in the above example would be "2.00000".
------
7.2j exp
Description
Returns the exponentiation of the number represented in <number>
(i.e., e<number>).
An error occurs if <number> is not a valid number.
Call
exp(<number>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<number> decimal number a number
Returns
A string containing the exponentiation of the number, or "" if an
Universal Forms Description Language [page 191]
error occurs.
Example
expTest = new field
{
label = "Test exp";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = exp("3");
}
The result of exp in the above example would be "1.098612".
------
7.2k fact
Description
Returns the factorial value of the integer represented in
<integer>.
An error occurs if <integer> is negative.
Call
fact(<number>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<integer> integer a non-negative integer
Returns
A string containing the factorial of the integer, or "" if an error
occurs.
Example
factTest = new field
{
label = "Test fact";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = fact("8");
}
The result of fact in the above example would be "40320".
------
7.2l floor
Description
Returns the floor of the number represented in <number>.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 192]
An error occurs if <number> is not a valid number.
Call
floor(<number>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<number> decimal number a number
Returns
A string containing the floor of the number, or "" if an error
occurs.
Example
floorTest = new field
{
label = "Test floor";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = floor("-19.6");
}
The result of floor in the above example would be "-20".
------
7.2m ln
Description
Returns the natural logarithm of the number represented in
<number>.
An error occurs if <number> is not a decimal number greater
than zero.
Call
ln(<number>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<number> decimal number a number
Returns
A string containing the natural log of the number, or "" if an
error occurs.
Example
Universal Forms Description Language [page 193]
lnTest = new field
{
label = "Test ln";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = ln("1");
}
The result of ln in the above example would be "0".
------
7.2n log
Description
Returns the logarithm of the number represented in <number> to the
base indicated by <base>. If <base> is empty or absent, then base
10 is used.
An error occurs if either of <number> or <base> is not a valid
number, or <base> is negative.
Call
log(<number>)
log(<number>, <base>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<number> decimal number a number
<base> decimal number a number representing the base for
which the logarithm will be
computed
Returns
A string containing the log of the number to the base, or "" if an
error occurs.
Example
logTest = new field
{
label = "Test log";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = log("100", "10");
}
The result of log in the above example would be "2".
------
7.2o mod
Description
Returns the modulus of the number represented in <number> using the
Universal Forms Description Language [page 194]
divisor indicated by <divisor>.
An error occurs if either of <number> or <divisor> is not a valid
number, or <divisor> is 0.
Call
mod(<number>, <divisor>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<number> decimal number a number
<divisor> decimal number a number representing the divisor
for which the modulus will be
computed
Returns
A string containing the modulus, or "" if an error occurs.
Example
modTest = new field
{
label = "Test mod";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = mod("-3.5", ".3");
}
The result of mod in the above example would be "-0.200000".
------
7.2p pi
Description
Returns the value of PI to the best available accuracy.
Call
pi()
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
(none)
Returns
A string containing the value of PI.
Example
Universal Forms Description Language [page 195]
piTest = new field
{
label = "Test pi";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = pi();
}
The result of pi in the above example would be "3.14159265359"
(precision is machine-dependent).
------
7.2q power
Description
Returns the number represented in <number> raised to the power
indicated by <power>.
An error occurs if either of <number> or <power> is not a valid
number.
Call
power(<number>, <power>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<number> decimal number a number
<power> decimal number a number representing the power
by which the number will be
raised
Returns
A string containing the number raised to the power, or "" if an
error occurs.
Example
powerTest = new field
{
label = "Test power";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = power("0.1", "-2");
}
The result of power in the above example would be "100.00000".
------
7.2r rad2deg
Description
Returns the number of degrees in an angle expressed in radians
Universal Forms Description Language [page 196]
stored in <angle>.
An error occurs if <angle> does not contain a valid angle.
Call
rad2deg(<angle>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<angle> decimal number the angle in radians
Returns
A string containing the number of degrees, or "" if an error
occurs.
Example
rad2degField = new field
{
label = " Test rad2deg";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = rad2deg("2");
}
The result of rad2deg in the above example would be "114.591559".
------
7.2s rand
Description
Returns a random integer from the range of integers indicated by
<lowerlimit> and <upperlimit>. (The range includes <lowerlimit>
and <upperlimit>).
An error occurs if either of <lowerlimit> or <upperlimit> is not a
valid integer, or <upperlimit> is less than <lowerlimit>.
Call
rand(<lowerlimit>, <upperlimit>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<lowerlimit> integer the lower limit of the random
number's range
<upperlimit> integer the upper limit of the random
number's range
Returns
Universal Forms Description Language [page 197]
A string containing the random integer, or "" if an error occurs.
Example
randTest = new field
{
label = "Test rand";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = rand("45", "90");
}
The result of rand in the above example would be an integer in the
range [45,90].
------
7.2t round
Description
Returns the number represented in <number> rounded to the nearest
decimal position indicated by <place> (e.g., 100, 10, 1, 0.1, ...).
An error occurs if <number> is not a valid number or <place> is not
a power of 10.
Call
round(<number>, <place>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<place> decimal number a number representing the decimal
place where <number> is to be
rounded
Returns
A string containing the rounded number, or "" if an error occurs.
Example
roundTest = new field
{
label = "Test round";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = round("-323.235", ".01");
}
The result of round in the above example would be "-323.2400".
------
7.2u sin
Universal Forms Description Language [page 198]
Description
Returns the sine of an angle stored in <angle> and expressed in
radians.
An error occurs if <angle> does not contain a valid angle.
Call
sin(<angle>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<angle> decimal number the angle in radians
Returns
A string containing the sine, or "" if an error occurs.
Example
sineField = new field
{
label = " Test sin";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = sin("2");
}
The result of sin in the above example would be "0.909297".
------
7.2v sqrt
Description
Returns the square root of the number represented in <number>.
An error occurs if <number> is a negative number.
Call
sqrt(<number>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<number> decimal number a non-negative number
Returns
A string containing the square root, or "" if an error occurs.
Example
Universal Forms Description Language [page 199]
{
label = "Test sqrt";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = sqrt("19.5");
}
The result of sqrt in the above example would be "4.415880".
------
7.2w tan
Description
Returns the tangent of an angle expressed in radians stored in
<angle>.
An error occurs if <angle> does not contain a valid angle (for
example, (/2, 3(/2, 5(/2, and so on).
Call
tan(<angle>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<angle> decimal number the angle in radians
Returns
A string containing the tangent, or "" if an error occurs.
Example
tanField = new field
{
label = " Test tan";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = tan("2");
}
The result of tan in the above example would be "-2.185040".
------
7.3 Utility Functions
7.3a applicationName
Description
Returns the name of the currently running application.
Call
Universal Forms Description Language [page 200]
applicationName()
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
(none)
Returns
A string containing the application name.
Example
anTest = new field
{
label = "Test applicationName";
value = applicationName();
}
The result of applicationName in the above example, if the form
were running in an application named "Viewer", would be "Viewer".
------
7.3b applicationVersion
Description
Returns the version of the currently running application in the
format "MM.mm.TT".
Call
applicationVersion()
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
(none)
Returns
A string containing the application version.
Example
avTest = new field
{
label = "Test applicationVersion";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = applicationVersion();
}
The result of applicationVersion in the above example, if running
in an application at version 3.2.4, would be "03.02.04".
------
Universal Forms Description Language [page 201]
7.3c applicationVersionNum
Description
Returns the decimal form of the version of the currently running
application. This number is obtained from the hexadecimal format
0xMMmmTTPP, where MM is the Major version number, mm is the minor
version number, TT is the maintenance number, and PP is the patch
number. At this point, individual patches are not recognized in
version numbers and so will always be 0.
Call
applicationVersionNum()
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
(none)
Returns
A string containing the application version number.
Example
avnTest = new field
{
label = "Test applicationVersionNum";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = applicationVersionNum();
}
The result of applicationVersionNum in the above example, if
running in an application at version v3.2.4, would be "50463744",
which is the decimal representation of 0x03020400.
------
7.3d decimal
Description
Returns the decimal representation of the number represented by
<number> with base indicated by <base>.
An error occurs if <number> is not a valid number, if <base> is
not a valid positive integer base, or <number> cannot be resolved
under the specified <base>.
Call
decimal(<number>, <base>)
Parameters
Universal Forms Description Language [page 202]
Expression Setting Description
<number> number a number
<base> positive integer an integer that is the base of
the provided number
Returns
A string containing the decimal representation of the number,
or "" if an error occurs.
Example
decimalTest = new field
{
label = "Test decimal";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = decimal("-4a", "16");
}
The result of decimal in the above example would be "-74".
------
7.3e formatString
Description
Returns a string <string> formatted according to the rules set out
in the referenced format option <formatOptionReference>.
An error occurs if an invalid format is specified.
Call
formatString(<string>, <itemtagOfFormat>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<string> a string a string to format
according to the
referenced option
<formatOptionReference> an option the option reference of
reference, the format line to use
including the when in formatting the
page tag, if string
necessary
Returns
The formatted string.
Example
Field1 = new field
{
Universal Forms Description Language [page 203]
label = "Field 1";
format = ["dollar", "add_ds", "comma_delimit"];
value = "";
}
Field2 = new field
{
label = "Field 2";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = formatString(Field3.value, "Field1.format");
}
Field3 = new field
{
label = "Field 3";
]
The result of formatString in Field2 would be $30,095.60.
//Example 2
Field4 = new field
{
value = "$1.00";
format = ["dollar"];
backend_value = formatString(value,"backend_format");
backend_format = ["integer"];
}
In the example above, formatString is used to reformat a value as
an integer and insert it into a custom option (presumably for a
back-end application to use).
------
7.3f isValidFormat
Description
Returns the boolean result of whether a string <string> is valid
according to the setting of the format option referred to in
<formatOptionReference>.
An error occurs if a non-existent format is specified.
Call
isValidFormat(<string>, <formatOptionReference>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<string> a string a string to be checked
against the format
<formatOptionReference> an option the option reference of the
reference, format to check the string
including the against
page tag, if
necessary
Universal Forms Description Language [page 204]
Returns
"1" if the string follows the format, "0" if not, or "" if an
error occurs.
Example
Field1 = new field
{
label = "Test isValidFormat1";
format = ["integer", "mandatory"];
value = "45";
}
Field2 = new field
{
label = "Test isValidFormat2";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = isValidFormat("23.2", "Field1.format");
}
The result of isValidFormat in the above example would be "0"
because the string to check contains a non-integer number
representation and the specified format to check is of type
integer.
------
7.3g set
Description
Sets the value of a form option described by <reference> to the
value described by <value> and returns an indication of the success
of the operation. The option will be created if it does not exist.
If a compute existed on the option, it will be destroyed. Items
and pages will not be created.
An error occurs if the specified form option could not be set to
the specified value.
Call
set(<reference>, <value>)
Parameters
<reference> form option an adequately qualified reference
reference to a form option
<value> form value a string containing the option's
new value
Returns
Universal Forms Description Language [page 205]
"1" if the operation completed successfully, "0" if an error
occurred.
Example
field1 = new field
{
label = "Test set 1";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = "gold";
}
field2 = new field
{
label = "Test set 2";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = set("field1.value", "silver");
}
The result of set in the above example would be "1" and the value
of field1 would be set to "silver".
------
7.3h toggle
Description
Detects transitions in a form option specified by <reference>, and
returns a result. If toggle contains just a <reference> parameter,
then toggle returns "1" every time the referenced setting changes.
If toggle contains the <reference> parameter and the <from> and
<to> parameters, then toggle returns "1" when the setting changes
from the from state to the to state, and "0" at other times.
An error occurs if the specified form option does not exist.
Call
toggle(<reference>)
toggle(<reference>, <from>, <to>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<reference> form option an adequately qualified reference
reference to a form option
<from> form value a string containing a possible
option value
<to> form value a string containing a possible
option value
Returns
"1" if the specified change occurs in the specified option, or "0"
if another change occurs.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 206]
Example
timeStampField = new field
{
value = toggle(nameField.value)=="1"?now():"";
label = "Time Stamp";
editstate = "readonly";
}
nameField = new field
{
value = "";
}
In the example above, toggle has just a <reference> parameter.
Every time the nameField's value changes, toggle will return "1",
and then a new time will be entered into timeStampField, using
the now function.
noChoiceAllowed = new check
{
label = "Simple Application - No Choices";
value = "off";
logic_1 = toggle(noChoiceAllowed.value, "off", "on")
== "1" ? set("option1.value", "off") +
set("option2.value", "off") +
set("option3.value", "off") : "";
}
In the example above, toggle is used to change form behavior based
on whether the noChoiceAllowed check box is checked. When the
check's value changes from off to on, toggle will return a "1".
That will trigger the decision set up in the logic_1 option - thus
the items called option1, option2, and option3 will become
deselected (their values will be off). Normally, you would also set
their active options to be off, but to save room, this example
omits that step.
------
7.4 Time and Date Functions
7.4a date
Description
Returns the current date in "yyyymmdd" format.
Call
date()
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
Universal Forms Description Language [page 207]
(none)
Returns
A string containing the current date.
Example
dateTest = new field
{
label = "Test date";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = date();
}
The result of date in the above example, if run on January 18th,
1998, would be "19980118".
------
7.4b dateToSeconds
Description
Returns the number of seconds from the GMT date and time
represented in <date> and <time> respectively since 00:00:00 GMT,
January 1st, 1970.
An error occurs if either of <date> or <time> is not well-formed.
Call
dateToSeconds(<date>, <time>)
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<time> time string a time in a recognized format
Returns
A string containing the number of seconds, or "" if an error
occurs.
Example
dtsTest = new field
{
label = "Test dts";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = dateToSeconds("980319", "09:39:16");
}
The result of dateToSeconds in the above example would be
"89030056"
Universal Forms Description Language [page 208]
------
7.4c day
Description
Returns the numeric day of the month for the provided date in
<dateSecs> or the current date if one is not provided. The
provided date is a string representing the number of seconds
since 00:00:00 GMT, January 1st, 1970.
An error occurs if <dateSecs> is not well-formed.
Call
day(<dateSecs>|"")
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<dateSecs> number a date represented by the number
of seconds since 00:00:00 GMT,
January 1st, 1970
Returns
A string containing the day, or "" if an error occurs.
Example
dayTest = new field
{
label = "Test day";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = day("890300356");
}
The result of day in the above example would be "19".
------
7.4d dayOfWeek
Description
Returns the numeric day of the week (Sunday=1, etc.) for the
provided date in <dateSecs> or the current date if one is not
provided. The provided date is a string representing the number of
seconds since 00:00:00 GMT, January 1st, 1970.
An error occurs if <dateSecs> is not well-formed.
Call
dayOfWeek(<dateSecs>|"")
Universal Forms Description Language [page 209]
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<dateSecs> number a date represented by the number of
seconds since 00:00:00 GMT,
January 1st, 1970
Returns
A string containing the day of the week, or "" if an error occurs.
Example
{
label = "Test dayOfWeek";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = dayOfWeek("890300356");
}
The result of dayOfWeek in the above example would be "5".
------
7.4e endOfMonth
Description
Returns the number of seconds since 00:00:00 GMT, January 1st, 1970
to the current time on the last day of the month in the date
provided in <dateSecs> or the current date if one is not provided.
The provided date is a string representing the number of seconds
since 00:00:00 GMT, January 1st, 1970.
An error occurs if <dateSecs> is not well-formed.
Call
endOfMonth(<dateSecs>|"")
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<dateSecs> number a date represented by the number of
seconds since 00:00:00 GMT,
January 1st, 1970
Returns
A string containing the number of seconds, or "" if an error
occurs.
Example
eomTest = new field
Universal Forms Description Language [page 210]
{
label = "Test endOfMonth";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = endOfMonth("890300356");
}
The result of endOfMonth in the above example would be "891337156".
------
7.4f hour
Description
Returns the numeric hour for the provided date in <dateSecs> or the
current date if one is not provided. The provided date is a string
representing the number of seconds since 00:00:00 GMT, January 1st,
1970.
An error occurs if <dateSecs> is not well-formed.
Call
hour(<dateSecs>|"")
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<dateSecs> number a date represented by the number of
seconds since 00:00:00 GMT, January
1st, 1970
Returns
A string containing the hour, or "" if an error occurs.
Example
hourTest = new field
{
label = "Test hour";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = hour("890300356");
}
The result of hour in the above example would be "9".
------
7.4g minute
Description
Returns the numeric minute for the provided date in <dateSecs> or
the current date if one is not provided. The provided date is a
string representing the number of seconds since 00:00:00 GMT,
January 1st, 1970.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 211]
An error occurs if <dateSecs> is not well-formed.
Call
minute(<dateSecs>|"")
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<dateSecs> number a date represented by the number of
seconds since 00:00:00 GMT, January
1st, 1970
Returns
A string containing the minute, or "" if an error occurs.
Example
minuteTest = new field
{
label = "Test minute";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = minute("890300356");
}
The result of minute in the above example would be "39".
------
7.4h month
Description
Returns the numeric month of the year for the provided date in
<dateSecs> or the current date if one is not provided. The
provided date is a string representing the number of seconds since
00:00:00 GMT, January 1st, 1970.
An error occurs if <dateSecs> is not well-formed.
Call
month(<dateSecs>|"")
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<dateSecs> number a date represented by the number of
seconds since 00:00:00 GMT, January
1st, 1970
Returns
A string containing the month, or "" if an error occurs.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 212]
Example
monthTest = new field
{
label = "Test month";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = month("890300356");
}
The result of month in the above example would be "3".
------
7.4i now
Description
Returns the number of seconds since 00:00:00 GMT, January 1st,
1970.
Call
now()
Parameters
(none)
Returns
A string containing the number of seconds.
Example
nowTest = new field
{
label = "Test now";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = now();
}
The result of now in the above example, if run at 09:39:16 GMT on
Thursday, March 19th, 1998 would be "890300356".
------
7.4j second
Description
Returns the numeric second for the provided date in <dateSecs> or
the current date if one is not provided. The provided date is a
string representing the number of seconds since 00:00:00 GMT,
January 1st, 1970.
An error occurs if <dateSecs> is not well-formed.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 213]
Call
second(<dateSecs>|"")
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<dateSecs> number a date represented by the number
of seconds since 00:00:00 GMT,
January 1st, 1970
Returns
A string containing the second, or "" if an error occurs.
Example
secondTest = new field
{
label = "Test second";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = second("890300356");
}
The result of second in the above example would be "16".
------
7.4k time
Description
Returns the current time in "hh:mm:AM" format.
Call
time()
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
(none)
Returns
A string containing the current time.
Example
timeTest = new field
{
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = time();
}
Universal Forms Description Language [page 214]
The result of time in the above example, if run at 3:22 in the
afternoon, would be "3:22:PM".
------
7.4l year
Description
Returns the numeric year for the provided date in <dateSecs> or the
current date if one is not provided. The provided date is a string
representing the number of seconds since 00:00:00 GMT, January 1st,
1970.
An error occurs if <dateSecs> is not well-formed.
Call
year(<dateSecs>|"")
Parameters
Expression Setting Description
<dateSecs> number a date represented by the number of
seconds since 00:00:00 GMT, January
1st, 1970
Returns
A string containing the year, or "" if an error occurs.
Example
yearTest = new field
{
label = "Test year";
format = ["string", "mandatory"];
value = year("890300356");
}
The result of year in the above example would be "1998".
------
Appendix A: Quick Reference Tables
A.1 Table of Items and Form and Page Characteristics
Item Available Options
action activated; active; data; datagroup; delay;
transmitdatagroups; transmitformat; transmitgroups;
transmititemrefs; transmititems; transmitoptionrefs;
transmitoptions; type; url
Universal Forms Description Language [page 215]
box bgcolor; bordercolor; borderwidth; fontinfo;
itemlocation; size
button activated; active; bgcolor; bordercolor;
borderwidth; coordinates; data; datagroup;
editstate; focused; fontcolor; fontinfo; format;
help; image; itemlocation; justify; mouseover; next;
previous; saveformat; signature; signdatagroups;
signer; signformat; signgroups; signitemrefs;
signitems; signoptionrefs; signoptions; size;
transmitdatagroups; transmitformat; transmitgroups;
transmititemrefs; transmititems;
transmitoptionrefs; transmitoptions; type; url;
value
cell activated; active; data; datagroup; editstate;
group; saveformat; transmitdatagroups;
transmitformat; transmitgroups; transmititemrefs;
transmititems; transmitoptionrefs; transmitoptions;
type; url; value
check active; bgcolor; bordercolor; editstate; focused;
fontcolor; fontinfo; help; itemlocation; label;
labelbgcolor; labelbordercolor; labelborderwidth;
labelfontcolor; labelfontinfo; mouseover; next;
previous; size; value
combobox activated; active; bgcolor; bordercolor;
borderwidth; editstate; focused; fontcolor;
fontinfo; format; group; help; itemlocation; label;
labelbgcolor; labelbordercolor; labelborderwidth;
labelfontcolor; labelfontinfo; mouseover; next;
previous; size; value
data datagroup; filename; mimedata; mimetype
field active; bgcolor; bordercolor; borderwidth;
editstate; focused; fontcolor; fontinfo; format;
help; itemlocation; justify; label; labelbgcolor;
labelbordercolor; labelborderwidth; labelfontcolor;
labelfontinfo; mouseover; next; previous;
scrollhoriz; scrollvert; size; value
help active; value
label active; bgcolor; bordercolor; borderwidth;
fontcolor; fontinfo; help; image; itemlocation;
justify; size; value
line fontcolor; fontinfo; itemlocation; size; thickness
list active; bgcolor; bordercolor; borderwidth;
editstate; focused; fontcolor; fontinfo; group;
help; itemlocation; label; labelbgcolor;
labelbordercolor; labelborderwidth; labelfontcolor;
labelfontinfo; mouseover; next; previous; size;
Universal Forms Description Language [page 216]
value
popup activated; active; bgcolor; bordercolor;
borderwidth; editstate; focused; fontcolor;
fontinfo; group; help; itemlocation; justify; label;
mouseover; next; previous; size; value
radio active; bgcolor; bordercolor; editstate; focused;
fontcolor; fontinfo; group; help; itemlocation;
label; labelbgcolor; labelbordercolor;
labelborderwidth; labelfontcolor; labelfontinfo;
mouseover; next; previous; size; value
signature mimedata, signature, signdatagroups, signer,
signformat, signitems, signgroups, signoptions,
signoptionrefs
spacer fontinfo; itemlocation; label; size
tablet active; bgcolor; bordercolor; borderwidth;
fontcolor; help; image; itemlocation; justify;
mouseover; size; value
toolbar bgcolor; mouseover
page globals activated; bgcolor; bordercolor; borderwidth;
focused; fontcolor; fontinfo; label; mouseover; next
form globals activated; bgcolor; bordercolor; borderwidth;
focused; fontcolor; fontinfo; label; next;
saveformat; transmitformat; triggeritem; version
------
A.2 Table of Options
Option Details
activated Syntax: activated = "on" | "maybe" | "off";
Default:off
Items: action; button; cell; combobox; popup; page
global; form global
active Syntax: active = "on" | "off";
Default:on
Items: action; button; cell; check; combobox;
field; help; label; list; popup; radio;
tablet. To prevent user input in a field,
use the editstate "readonly".
bgcolor Syntax: bgcolor = ["<color name>"];
bgcolor = ["<R value>","<G value>",
"<B value>"];
Default:for button - "gray"
for check, field, list, popup, radio -
"white" all other items - the background #
color of the form
Universal Forms Description Language [page 217]
Items: box; button; check; combobox; field; label;
list; popup; radio; tablet; toolbar; page
characteristics; form characteristics
bordercolor Syntax: bordercolor = ["<color name>"];
bordercolor = ["<R value>","<G value>",
"<B value>"];
Default:the bordercolor set in the global
characteristics, or "black" if no
characteristics set
Items: box; button; check; combobox; field; label;
list; popup; radio; tablet; page
characteristics; form characteristics
borderwidth Syntax: borderwidth = "<width>";
Default:for label - 0
for all other items - the borderwidth set
in characteristics, or 1 if no
characteristics set
Items: box; button; combobox; field; label; list;
popup; tablet; page characteristics; form
characteristics
coordinates Syntax: coordinates = ["<X_coordinate>",
"<Y_coordinate>"];
Default:none
Items: button
data Syntax: data = "<data_item>";
Default:none
Items: action; button; cell
datagroup Syntax: datagroup = ["<datagroup_reference>",
"<datagroup reference>"...];
Default:none
Items: action; button; cell; data
delay Syntax: delay = ["repeat" | "once","interval"];
Default:once with an interval of 0 seconds
Items: action
editstate Syntax: editstate = "readonly | writeonly |
readwrite";
Default:readwrite
Items: button; cell; check; combobox; field; list;
popup; radio
filename Syntax: filename = "<file name>";
Default:None
Items: data
focused Syntax: focused = "on" | "off";
Default:off
Items: button; check; combo; field; list; popup;
radio; page global; form global
Universal Forms Description Language [page 218]
fontcolor Syntax: fontcolor = ["<color name>"];
fontcolor = ["<R value>","<G value>",
"<B value>"];
Default:for check and radio - red
for all other items, the fontcolor set in
global characteristics, or "black" if no
preference set
Items: button; check; combobox; field; label; line;
list; popup; radio; tablet; page
characteristics; form characteristics
fontinfo Syntax: fontinfo = ["<font name>","<point size>",
"<weight>","<effects>","<form>"];
* weight, effects, and form are optional
Default:the fontinfo set in global characteristics,
or "Helvetica 8 plain" if no characteristics
set
Items: box; button; check; combobox; field; label;
line; list; popup; radio; spacer; tablet;
page characteristics; form characteristics
format Syntax: format = [<data type>,<format flag>,
<check flag>];
* format and check flags are optional, and
multiple flags are valid
Default:for data type - none
for format flag - depends on data type
for check option - depends on data type
Items: button; combobox; field; label; list; popup
group Syntax: group = "<group name | group reference>";
Default:none
Items: cell; combobox; list; popup; radio
help Syntax: help = "<item reference>";
Default:none
Items: button; check; combobox; field; label; list;
popup; radio; tablet
image Syntax: image = "<item reference>";
Default:none
Items: button; label; tablet
itemlocation Syntax: itemlocation = [[<specification>],
[<specification>]...];<specification> =
"<modifier>","<itemtag>","<itemtag>"
* the second itemtag only to align between
modifiers
Default:for the first item - the top left corner of
the form
for all other items - vertically below the
previously created item and horizontally at
the left margin
Items: box; button; check; combobox; field; label;
line; list; popup; radio; spacer; tablet
justify Syntax: justify = "<left | right | center>";
Default:for button and popup - center
for label - left
Items: button; field; label; popup; tablet
label Syntax: label = "<label text>";
Default:none
Items: check; combobox; field; list; popup; radio;
spacer; page characteristics; form
characteristics
labelbgcolor Syntax: labelbgcolor = ["<color name>"];
labelbgcolor = ["<R value>","<G value>",
"<B value>"];
Default:for items in the toolbar - the background
color of the toolbar
for other items - the background color of
the form
Items: check; combobox; field; list; radio
labelbordercolorSyntax:labelbordercolor = ["<color name>"];
labelbordercolor = ["<R value>","<G value>",
"<B value>"];
Default:black
Items: check; combobox; field; list; radio
labelborderwidthSyntax:labelborderwidth = "<width>";
Default:0 pixels
Items: check; combobox; field; list; radio
labelfontcolor Syntax: labelfontcolor = ["<color name>"];
labelfontcolor = ["<R value>","<G value>",
"<B value>"];
Default:black
Items: check; combobox; field; list; radio; page
characteristics; form characteristics
labelfontinfo Syntax: labelfontinfo = ["<font name>",
"<point size>","<weight>","<effects>",
"<form>"];
* weight, effects, and form are optional
Default:Helvetica, 8 plain
Items: check; combobox; field; list; radio
mimedata Syntax: mimedata = "<data>";
Default:none
Items: button, data, signature
mouseover Syntax: mouseover = "on" | "off";
Default:off
Items: button; check; combo; field; list; popup;
radio; tablet; toolbar; page global
next Syntax: next = "<item reference>";
Default:when the form opens - the first non-toolbar
item in the form's description that users
Universal Forms Description Language [page 220]
can modify
when tabbing to subsequent items - the next
item in the form's description that users
can modify
when tabbing from the last item - the first
item in the form's description that users
can modify (can be a toolbar item)
Items: button; combobox; check; field; list; popup;
radio; page globals; form globals
previous Syntax: previous = "<item_reference>";
Default:the previous item in the form description
Items: button; combobox; check; field; list; popup;
radio;
printsettings Syntax: printsettings = [<page list>,
<dialog settings>];
Default:the page list defaults to include all pages
in the form the dialog defaults to "on", has
the following settings:
orientation = portrait
copies = 1
printpages active = on
Items: action, button, cell, page global
characteristics, form global characteristics
saveformat Syntax: saveformat = "<mimetype>";
Default:application/uwi_form
Items: button; cell; form characteristics
scrollhoriz Syntax: scrollhoriz = "<never | always | wordwrap>";
Default:never
scrollvert Syntax: scrollvert = "<never | always | fixed>";
Default:never
Items: field
signature Syntax: signature = "<string>";
Default:none
Items:button, signature
signdatagroups Syntax: signdatagroups = ["<keep | omit>",
"<datagroup reference>","<datagroup
reference>"...];
Default:keep
Items: button, signature
signer Syntax: signer= "<string>";
Default:depends on where signature is from
Items: button, signature
signformat Syntax: signformat = "<MIME type>";
Default:application/uwi_form
Items: button, signature
Universal Forms Description Language [page 221]
signgroups Syntax: signgroups = ["<keep | omit>","<group
reference>","<group reference>"...];
Default:keep
Items: button, signature
signitems Syntax: signitems = ["<keep | omit>", "<item type>",
"<item type>"...];
Default:keep
Items: button, signature
signitemrefs Syntax: signitemrefs = ["<keep | omit>", "<item
reference>","<item reference>"...];
Default:keep
Items: button, signature
signoptionrefs Syntax: signoptionrefs = transmitoptions = ["<keep
| omit>","<option reference>","<option
reference>"...];
Default:keep
Items: button, signature
signoptions Syntax: signoptions = ["<keep | omit>","<option
type>","<option type>"...];
Default:keep
Items: button, signature
size Syntax: size = ["<width>","<height>"];
The unit of measurement is characters.
Default:see below (defaults are also used in place
of invalid and missing arguments)
Items Width Height Default bounding box size
box 1 1 same as item
(smaller than one not allowed in either dimension)
button
(with text) label width label height same as item
(with image)image width image height same as item
check 1 1 max (1, label width)
x label height + 1
combobox max of 1 same as item
(label width,
widest cell)
field 60 1 max (field width, label
width)x field height +
label height
label
(label empty)1 1 same as item
(label given)label width label heightsame as item
Universal Forms Description Language [page 222]
line 1 1 pixel same as item
(one dimension must be 0)
list max of number of same as item
(label cells, +1
width, if label
widest
cell)
popup max of 1 same as item
(label width,
widest cell)
radio 1 1 max (radio width, label
width)x radio height +
label height
spacer
(no label) 1 1 same as item
(label given)label width label heightsame as item
tablet
(no image) 1 1 same as item
(image) image width image heightsame as item
thickness Syntax: thickness = "<thickness>";
Default:1 pixel
Items: line
transmitdatagroupsSyntax:transmitdatagroups = [<transmit flag>,
<datagroup identifier>, ...
Default:keep
Items: action; button; cell
transmitformat Syntax: transmitformat = "<MIME type>";
Default:application/uwi_form
Items: action; button; cell; form characteristics
transmitgroups Syntax: transmitgroups = [<transmit flag>, <group
identifier>,...<group identifier>];
Default:keep
Items: action; button; cell
transmititemrefsSyntax:transmititemrefs = [<transmit flag>, <item
identifier>,...<item identifier>];
Default:keep
Items: action; button; cell
transmititems Syntax: transmititems = ["<keep | omit>", "<item
type>","<item type>"...];
Default:keep
Items: action; button; cell
transmitoptionrefsSyntax:transmitoptionrefs = [<transmit flag>,
Universal Forms Description Language [page 223]
<option identifier>,...<option
identifier>];
Default:keep
Items: action; button; cell
transmitoptionsSyntax: transmitoptions = ["<keep | omit>","<option
type>","<option type>"...];
Default:keep
Items: action; button; cell
triggeritem Syntax: triggeritem = "<item reference>";
Default:the item reference of the item that
triggered the "submit" or "done"
Items: in form global characteristics
type Syntax: type = "<task type>";
Default:link
Items: action; button; cell
url Syntax: url = ["<URL | item reference>",
["<URL>"],...];
Default:none
Items: action; button; cell
value Syntax: value = "<setting>";
Default:depends on item
Items: button; cell; check; combobox; field; help;
label; list; popup; radio; tablet
version Syntax: version = <version number>;
Default:none
Items:in form global characteristics
------
Appendix B: Default Sizes
The following table shows the default basic item and bounding box
sizes.
box width:1 character Same as default item size
height:1 character
Smaller than 1 not
allowed in either
dimension
button width:width of label same as default item size
height:height of label
(label is in the value
option)
or size of embedded image
if it exists
check width:1 character width:larger of 1 character
Universal Forms Description Language [page 224]
height:1 character and label width
height:label height plus
1 character
(label is in the label
option)
combobox width:larger of label Same as default item size
width and widest (ii)
cell (iii)
height:1 character
(label is in the label
option)
field width:30 characters width:larger of item width
height:1 character and label width (ii)
height:height of item plus
height of label (ii)
(label is in the label
option)
label width:1 character if Same as default item size
label empty,
otherwise label
width
height:1 character if
label empty,
otherwise label
height
or size of embedded image
if it exists
line width:30 character Same as default item size
height:1 pixel
One dimension must be 0
(i)
list width:larger of label width:larger of item width
width and widest and widest cell (ii)
cell (iii) height:height of item plus
height:number of cells height of label
in list (label is in the label
(label is in the label option)
popup width:larger of label Same as default item size
width and widest (ii)
cell (iii)
height:1 character
(label is in the label
option)
radio width:1 character width:larger of 1 character
height:1 character and label width
height:label height plus
1 character
(label is in the label
Universal Forms Description Language [page 225]
option)
spacer width:1 character if Same as default item size
label empty,
otherwise label
width
height:1 character if
label empty,
otherwise label
height
(label is in the label
option)
tablet width:1 character if Same as default item size
tablet empty,
otherwise value
width
height:1 character if
label empty,
otherwise value
height
or size of embedded image
if it exists
Notes
i) For line items, either height or width must be set to zero. The
thickness option specifies the thickness (in pixels) of the line
in the dimension containing zero (0). If both settings are
non-zero, the line size will default to one character wide by
one pixel thick.
ii) This includes a scroll bar if one appears.
iii) The cell's width comes from the cell's value option setting.
------
Appendix C: UFDL for C and C++ Programmers
This document is intended to introduce programmers to the syntax
of UFDL. To do so, we will compare UFDL to the C programming
language, and point out many of the similarities in syntax and
structure that exist between the two languages, as well as some of
the differences.
Be aware that this document outlines one way of modelling these
similarities and differences, and that a number of other approaches
could be used.
------
C.1 Procedural vs. State Language
Unlike C, UFDL is a state language. Where C describes a procedure
that is followed, UFDL describes a state that is maintained. All of
Universal Forms Description Language [page 226]
the statements in a UFDL form are always maintained as being true.
As a result, computations are constantly updated throughout the
form. For instance, imagine a form with a field called total, the
value of which is based on adding the values of five other fields.
Whenever a value is entered (or changed) in one of those five
fields, the total field will be instantly updated to reflect that
change. In this, UFDL acts much like a spreadsheet.
------
C.2 Globals and Functions (Pages)
When coding a form, the first statements define the global
characteristics and includes. These are much like global variables
and includes in C. The next thing defined is the first page of the
form, which parallels a function in a C program. The table below
demonstrates these similarities:
C UFDL
int version=3; version="3.2.0";
char *bgColor="blue"; bgcolor=["blue"];
#include "header.h" #include "header.frm"
void page_1() page_1=new page
<code> <code>
} }
Notice the similarities in syntax as well. Statements are ended
with a semi-colon. New pages (or functions) do not end with a
semi-colon, and the code for each begins and ends with braces.
Within each page, UFDL allows the definition of page-specific
characteristics similar to function specific variables. You can
also define items, which can be thought of as instances of
predefined structures or cases. Within each instance, there are a
number of options that can be set. The following table illustrates
this:
C UFDL
struct label{
char *value;
char *fontcolor;
char *bgcolor;
};
void page_1()
{ page_1=new page
struct label *label_1=NULL; {
char *bgcolor = "papayawhip"; bgcolor=["papayawhip"];
label_1=(struct label*)malloc
Universal Forms Description Language [page 227]
(sizeof(struct label)); label 1_1=new label
label_1->value=strdup("This is a label"); {
label_1->fontcolor=strdup("white"); value="This is a label";
label_1->transmit=strdup("none"); fontcolor=["white"];
label_1->bgcolor=strdup(bgcolor); transmit="none";
} }
In this example, value and fontcolor are options for the item
label_1. Notice that they are contained within an opening and a
closing brace, which makes it clear, without dereferencing, which
item they belong to (this is similar to the with statement in
Pascal). Also note that bgcolor is a page characteristic that is
automatically assigned to label_1.
Additional pages can be defined just like additional functions, and
there is no limit to the number of pages you can have, nor to the
number of items you can have within a page. Additionally, it is
possible to create custom items and options, allowing for greater
flexibility.
------
C.3 References and Dynamic Option Reference
Specific items or option can be referenced through the use of a
reference string. Additionally, the values of options can be
dynamic option reference in a manner similar to C.
C UFDL
Structure Declaration Item declaration
struct label{ label_1=new label
struct label *value; {
char *fontcolor; value="label_2";
}; fontcolor=["white"];
}
struct label *label_1; label_2=new label
struct label *label_2; {
fontcolor=["blue"];
label_1->value=label_2; }
label_1->fontcolor=strdup("white");
label_2->fontcolor=strdup("blue");
References References
label_1->fontcolor is white label_1.fontcolor is white
label_1->value->fontcolor is blue label_1.value->fontcolor is blue
no equivalent page1.label_1.fontcolor is white
Note that the inclusion of page1 is optional. Including it allows
the item or option to be referenced from a different page. Where C
requires you to pass values between functions by using parameters,
UFDL allows you to access any value from any page on the form by
using a direct reference.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 228]
------
C.4 Arrays
Many of the options in UFDL are set using array structures.
Specific elements in these arrays are referenced just as they
would be in C.
Array Declaration Option Declaration
char *format[2][2]; format=["integer",range=["1","10"]];
format[0][0]=strdup("integer");
format[0][1]=NULL;
format[1][0]=strdup("1");
format[1][1]=strdup("10");
Element Reference Element Reference
format[1][0] format[1][0] or
format[range][0]
Note the second Element Reference in UFDL. This reference is based
on assigning a name to an element or set of elements within the
array. In this case, the name range was given to the second set of
elements. This allows you to access the elements of an array
without having to know the order of those elements.
There is no limit to the depth allowed an array in UFDL-you can
have infinitely nested arrays. Additionally, UFDL does not create
unnecessary blocks in memory. For instance, in the above example
format[0][1] was assigned to be NULL in the C code. This is
because this portion of the array is not used. In UFDL, that
portion of the array is never created. This means that UFDL uses
significantly less memory to store multi-dimensional arrays.
------
C.5 Assignment
UFDL has a single data type: the string. All values, be they
integer, character, or float, are stored as literal strings. In
order to assign literal strings, quotes are used just as in C.
For example:
C UFDL
value=strdup("This is a value="This is a literal string";
literal string");
size[0]=strdup("10"); size=["10","10"];
size[1]=strdup("10");
Note that you do not need to use any of the string functions such
as strdup. Memory management is handled automatically. Assigning a
string to an option automatically copies the string and disposes of
Universal Forms Description Language [page 229]
any previous value for that option. Additionally, the full list of
elements can be assigned to an array at any time in UFDL code. In
C, this is only possible when you first declare your arrays (see
Appendix D: Glossary
Absolute Positioning
Absolute positioning places items in set locations on the form. This
form of positioning uses an x-y coordinate system to specify where,
in relation to the upper-left corner of the form, the item should be
placed. Absolute positioning allows for drag-and-drop form designer
functionality. See Also: Relative Positioning
Automatic Action
Automatic actions are background actions that you can set your form
to carry out without user prompting. These actions can be set to
occur after a specific amount of time, or to repeat periodically.
Use automatic actions to create effects such as periodic interfacing
with databases. For example:
ping_action = new action
{
delay = ["repeat", "120"];
type = "submit";
url = ["http://www.server.domain/cgi-bin/status"];
}
Alignment Modifiers
This is a group of modifiers used in relative positioning. They are
used to set locators that align items in relation to each other. See
Also: Relative Positioning, Locators
Bounding Box
An unseen rectangular area surrounding each item and including all
elements of the item (including built-in labels and borders). Used
in the relative ositioning scheme for determiniing the "edge" of an
item.
Build Order
When you create items on a form, the order in which they are created
forms a sequence. The first item you create is the first item in the
sequence, the second item is second in the sequence, and so on. This
sequence is called the build order. The build order can affect
relative positioning.
Compression
You can set up forms to submit and save as compressed files. See the
descriptions or the saveformat and transmitformat options.
Universal Forms Description Language [page 230]
Computation
See: Formulas
Custom Item
Custom items are items that are not part of the standard UFDL. You
define these items yourself. Custom items are ignored by the a UFDL
parser, and are never visible on the form. Use custom items to
integrate the form with other applications. See Also: Custom
Options, Hidden Items
Custom Option
Custom options are options that are not part of the standard UFDL.
You create these options yourself. Custom options are ignored by a
UFDL parser, and ever affect the appearance of an item. Use custom
options to integrate your form with other applications. See Also:
Custom Items
Expansion Modifiers
This is a group of modifiers used in relative sizing. They are used
to set locators that adjust the size of items in relation to other
items on the form. See Also: Extent Modifier, Locators
Extent Modifier
This modifier is used in both normal and relative positioning. It
is used to set locators that set the size of items in pixels. See
Also: Expand Modifiers, Locators
Filtering
You can set up forms to filter out specific item types, option
types, or items when they are transmitted. This can be useful for
eliminating unnecessary information when the form is being
transmitted to another application. See the descriptions for the
transmit, transmititems, and ransmitoptions options. See Also:
Compression
Formulas
Formulas allow you to add math or logic to your form. You can use
them to add values or make decisions based on user input. Also
referred to as computations or logical operations.
Global Settings
Global settings are used to set options for the whole form. Each
item in the form will reflect that option setting, unless the same
option is also set for that page or item.
Hidden Items
Hidden items are not independently visible on the form. However, in
Universal Forms Description Language [page 231]
some cases they may contribute to the appearance of other form
items. The hidden items are: data items, cells, action items, help
items, and custom items.
Identifiers
Identifiers are used to uniquely identify a page, item, option, or
option element in the form. For a discussion of the character set
you may use when creating identifiers, see the section called
Identifiers in '2. The Universal Forms Description Language'.
Include
The #include statement allows you to "include" external files in a
form. These files must be in a UFDL format that is compatible with
the form. A UFDL parser must insert include files into forms at the
place marked by an #include statement.
Input Focus
When a user views a form, the input focus is the focus that moves
from item to item in the form when the user presses the TAB key.
Item Tag
Each item has a unique item tag, or name, which is used to identify
that item.
Locators
Locators are used to set both the locations of an item on the page
and any relative or extent sizing that should apply to the item.
Modifier
Modifiers are combined with item tags to create locators. Modifiers
describe how an item should be positioned in relation to its
reference items. For example, after, below, left-to-left, and so on.
See Also: Locators, Reference Items
Page
Each form can be composed of any number of pages, just like a paper
form. Each page is identified with a page tag, begins with an open
brace ({) and ends with a close brace (}). All forms must have at
least one page.
Page Settings
These settings set global option settings for all items on the page
(unless an individual item description overrides the setting). Page
settings override global settings, but are overridden by options set
for individual items.
Page Tag
Universal Forms Description Language [page 232]
Each page has a unique page tag, or name, which is used to identify
that page.
Reference
References allow you to identify a specific option by providing a
"path" to it. This means that you can refer directly to a specific
option anywhere in the form. A reference is constructed by combining
the page tag, item tag, and option name that will point to the
option you want. For example, page1.title_label.value points to the
value option of the title_label on page one.
Reference Items
When using relative positioning or sizing, you will need to use some
items as reference points. These reference points will be used as
anchors that set either where an item is positioned on the form or
how large the item is. If the reference items are moved or change
size, the item using them as anchors may also move or change size.
See Also: Relative Positioning, Relative Sizing
Relative Positioning
Relative positioning places items on the form in relation to other
items. This means that items will move on the form if their
reference item moves. Relative positioning is useful for ensuring
cross-platform compatability. See Also: Absolute Positioning,
Reference Items
Relative Sizing
Relative sizing adjusts the size of items on the form in relation to
other items. This means that items will change size on the form if
their reference item moves or changes size. Relative sizing is
useful for ensuring that the edges of your items line up on the
form. See Also: Reference Items
Required Status
The required status is part of the format option. It determines
whether the user of a form is required to enter information into an
item. The required status can be set to "optional" or "mandatory".
Start Value
The start value is an element of the option name that contains the
literal resolution of an option reference or other formula. The
start value element is represented as an open angle bracket, the
value in quotation marks, and a close angle bracket on the left-hand
side of the equal sign, like this:
value<"Jane E. Smith"> = page1.nameField.value;
The viewer sets this literal value when a form is signed, submitted,
Universal Forms Description Language [page 233]
or saved (and discards any old value if necessary). Because a digitally
signed formula never fires after being signed, the start value for the
option is always the same--and therefore it is possible to reference the
option and get the signed literal value.
Tab Order
This is the order in which the user will move through the item on
the form by pressing the TAB key. The tab order only includes those
items that take user input, such as fields, buttons, and so on. You
can set the tab order yourself.
Version Number
This option records the version number of the UFDL that was used to
create the form. It is only available in the global settings.
Author Contact Information
David Manning
dmanning@uwi.com
voice. 250-479-8334
fax. 250-479-3772
post. David Manning
UWI.Com
1095 McKenzie Avenue, 4th Floor
Victoria, B.C., Canada
V8P 2L5
Expires: February 04, 1999
Universal Forms Description Language [page 234]
